中国西部地区消除风疹健康教育活动效果评价

Evaluation of health education activities for rubella elimination in western areas of China

目的评价中国西部地区消除风疹健康教育干预活动的效果。方法在5个西部省(直辖市)选择35个乡镇作为风疹相关健康教育的干预组,选择14个同类型乡镇作为对照组,选择两组儿童家长开展项目实施前后的基线和终期问卷调查,比较风疹和含风疹成分疫苗(Rubella containing vaccine,RCV)知晓率等指标。结果干预组儿童家长终期、基线风疹知晓率分别为87.8%(1586/1806)、24.0%(434/1809)(χ^2=1493.36,P<0.01),RCV知晓率分别为86.3%(1555/1806)、16.3%(294/1809)(χ^2=1774.44,P<0.01);对照组终期风疹、RCV知晓率分别为45.6%(271/715)、41.7%(248/715)(与干预组终期相比,χ^2=454.61,P<0.01;χ^2=345.85,P<0.01)。倾向于通过接种医生、临床医生、微信新媒体获得风疹相关知识的儿童家长分别占81.5%(4018/4930)、55.4%(2729/4930)、68.4%(3372/4930)。结论消除风疹健康教育干预活动可显著提高西部地区儿童家长的风疹和RCV知识知晓率。

Objective To evaluate the impact of health education interventions for rubella elimination in western areas of China.Methods We selected parents of children from 35 townships as an intervention group for rubella-related health education,and parents from 14 similar townships as a control group in 5 western provinces.We conducted a baseline questionnaire-based survey before the study and a final questionnaire-based survey after the study to compare rates of awareness of rubella and rubella containing vaccine(RCV).Results Among parents in the intervention group,the rate of awareness of rubella was 87.8%(1586/1806)in the final survey and 24.0%(434/1809)in the baseline survey(χ^2=1493.36,P<0.01);respective rates of awareness of RCV were 86.3%(1555/1806)and 16.3%(294/1809)(χ^2=1774.44,P<0.01).Among parents in the control group,rates of awareness of rubella and RCV were45.6%(271/715)and 41.7%(248/715)in the final survey(compared with the intervention group final survey,χ^2=454.61,P<0.01;χ^2=345.85,P<0.01).Parents who preferred to acquire rubella-related knowledge from vaccination doctors,clinicians,and new media accounted for 81.5%(4018/4930),55.4%(2729/4930),and 68.4%(3372/4930)of subjects,respectively.Conclusions A health education intervention supporting rubella elimination can significantly improve parental awareness of knowledge about rubella and RCV in western areas of China.