约束系统误用对6岁儿童乘员头颈部损伤的影响

The Effect on Head-Neck Injuries of Six-Year-Old Child Occupant by Misusing the Restraint System

目的探讨汽车在正面碰撞过程中,约束系统误用对乘坐于后排的6岁儿童乘员头颈部损伤的影响。方法基于已验证的6岁儿童有限元模型,根据ECE R44法规进行加载,在Pam-Crash软件中模拟正确以及错误使用约束系统下的汽车正面碰撞。结果仅使用增高垫时,儿童颈部作用力、力矩最小,但最大颅内压力、最大应力、脑组织最大主应变远大于其损伤阈值,会导致儿童头部产生致命的脑损伤;仅使用成人三点式安全带时,儿童颈部作用力、力矩最大,会对儿童颈部造成严重损伤。结论两种错误使用约束系统的方法加重了6岁儿童头部和颈部的损伤,只有正确使用约束系统,才能对6岁儿童头颈部起到最好的保护效果。

Objective To explore the effect of restraint system misuse on head-neck injuries for rear occupant of6-year-old children in frontal impact crashes.Methods Based on the previously validated 6-year-old child occupant finite element model,in terms of ECE R44 testing regulations,the impact crash under right and wrong use of restraint system was simulated in Pam-Crash software.Results The force and moment of the neck were the minimum by merely using booster seat,but the maximum intracranial pressure,the maximum stress and the maximum principal strain were larger than their damage threshold and would cause fatal brain damage in child head.The only use of adult safety belt would cause more serious damage in child neck with larger force and moment.Conclusions Two ways of misusing the restraint system would aggravate head-neck injuries of the6-year-old child.The proper use of the restraint system can provide the best protective effect for head and neck of the 6-year-old child occupant.