九省(区)4~17岁儿童青少年膳食铁摄入状况及变化趋势

TREND IN DIETARY IRON INTAKE AMONG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AGED 4 TO 17 YEARS IN 9 PROVINCES FROM 1997 TO 2011

目的分析1997-2011年九省(区)4~17岁儿童青少年膳食铁摄入状况、食物来源及变化趋势。方法基于“中国健康与营养调查”,该调查为多阶段分层随机整群抽样,选取1997、2000、2004、2006、2009、2011共6轮调查中的九省(区)12557名4~17岁儿童青少年作为研究对象,采用连续3天24小时膳食回顾法收集膳食数据,按性别、年龄、地区等分层对历年膳食铁日常摄入量(UI)水平、食物来源分布进行分析。结果1997年和2011年4~17岁儿童青少年的UI分别为17.4mg和14.3mg。1997年和2011年男生UI低于平均需要量(EAR)的比例分别为13.8%和16.5%,女生膳食铁UI低于EAR的比例分别为27.3%和28.2%。11~13岁年龄组的女生膳食铁UI低于EAR的比例在各年份均最高,分别为36.3%、26.2%、36.7%、33.1%、44.0%和55.8%。膳食铁主要来源于谷薯类,其次为动物性食物、蔬菜水果菌藻类以及豆类坚果类。结论部分儿童青少年人群仍然存在膳食铁摄入不足的问题,需加强健康教育工作,促进儿童青少年营养摄入均衡。

Objective To study the dietary iron intake,main food sources of iron and changing trend among children and adolescents aged 4 to 17 years in 9 provinces(regions)from 1997 to 2011.Methods Using multistage stratified random cluster sampling procedure,12,557 subjects were selected from the database of the China Health and Nutrition Survey conducted in 1997,2000,2004,2006,2009 and 2011.Dietary data were collected over 3 consecutive days by 24-hour dietary recall,and the usual intake(UI)for dietary iron and the distribution of food sources were analyzed by gender,age and region.Results The UIs of children and adolescents aged 4 to 17 years in 1997 and 2011 were 17.4mg and 14.3mg.In 1997 and 2011,the prevalence of UIs lower than estimated average requirement(EAR)in boys were 13.8%and 16.5%,respectively,while the prevalence of UIs lower than EAR in girls were 27.3%and 28.2%,respectively.The proportion of UI lower than EAR in girl aged 11 to 13 years was the highest in the 6 surveys,which was 36.3%,26.2%,36.7%,33.1%,44.0%,and 55.8%,respectively.The main food sources of dietary intake of iron were cereals and tubers,followed by animal foods,vegetables,fruits,fungi and algae,and legumes and nuts.Conclusion Some children and adolescents still have inadequate dietary iron intake.It is necessary to strengthen health education and promote the balanced intake of nutrients for children and adolescents.