技术创新与工业绿色化:作用机理和实证检验

Technological Innovation and Industrial Greening: Mechanism and Empirical Test

技术创新是工业绿色化的重要动力,研究技术创新对工业绿色化的影响,对推进中国工业绿色化具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。本文将技术创新对工业绿色化影响的作用机理归纳为直接作用机理、市场传导机制和路径依赖三大部分,基于2007-2016年中国省际面板数据和系统GMM方法,将技术创新对工业绿色化影响的作用机理进行实证检验。研究结果显示:①技术创新有利于工业绿色化;技术创新还通过技术溢出效应促进邻近地区工业绿色化,但人力资本溢出效应则相反;市场开放形成的国际市场潜力促进工业绿色化,但国内市场潜力与之相反;上一期工业绿色化积累有利于本期工业绿色化。②技术溢出效应与国内外市场潜力联动及人力资本溢出效应与国内外市场潜力联动均有利于工业绿色化,但国内外市场潜力联动对工业绿色化起抑制作用。③技术溢出效应和人力资本溢出效应与国内外市场潜力联动对工业绿色化影响及国内外市场潜力联动对工业绿色化影响都存在明显的区域异质性。④以技术研发创新投入和人力资本水平因子分别替代发明专利因子并作为技术研发创新的测度指标,实证结果仍具有一定稳健性。因此,为推进中国工业绿色化,一是全面提升技术创新能力,加大技术创新政策支持力度,鼓励企业实施清洁型技术创新;二是推进区域经济一体化建设,降低制度对人力资本市场流动束缚,消除创新外溢与市场联动对工业绿色化影响的区域异质性;三是统筹内外市场联动发展,释放创新外溢与市场联动对工业绿色化的促进作用,并抑制国内外市场联动对工业绿色化的不利格局。

technological innovation is an important driving force for the industrial greening. To study the influence of the technological innovation on the industrial greening is of great theoretical significance and practical value for promoting the industrial greening in China. In this paper,the mechanism that technological innovation affects industrial greening is summarized as the direct effect mechanism,market transmission mechanism and path dependence. Based on China’s provincial panel data from 2007 to 2016 and system GMM method,the mechanism that technological innovation affects industrial greening is empirically-tested. The results show that:(1) Technological innovation is conducive to the industrial greening;Technological innovation also promotes the industrial greening of the neighboring areas through the spillover effect of technology,but the spillover effect of human capital is opposite;The international market potential formed by market opening promotes the industrial greening,but the potential of domestic market is opposite;The accumulation of the industrial greening in the last phase is conducive to the industrial greening in this period.(2) The linkage between the spillover effect of technology and the domestic and foreign market potential,between the spillover effect of human capital and the domestic and foreign market potential are all beneficial to the industrial greening,but the linkage between the domestic and foreign market potential has an inhibitory effect on the industrial greening.(3) That the linkage between the spillover effect of technology and the domestic and foreign market potential,between the spillover effect of human capital and the domestic and foreign market potential,between the domestic and foreign market potential have obvious regional heterogeneity on the influence of industrial greening.(4) When Innovation investment in technology R&D and human capital replace invention patent and serve as the measurement index of technology R&D innovation,the empirical results still have certain robustness. Therefore,in order to promote the industrial greening in China,the first thing is to enhance the technological innovation ability comprehensively,strengthen the policy support of technology innovation,and encourage enterprises to implement clean technological innovation. The second thing is to promote regional economic integration,to reduce the institutional constraints on human capital market flows and eliminate the regional heterogeneity that the linkage of the innovation spillover and market affects the industrial greening. The third thing is to coordinate domestic and foreign joint development,to release the stimulative effect that the linkage of the innovation spillover and domestic and foreign market affects the industrial greening,and restrain the adverse effect that the linkage of the domestic and foreign market affects the industrial greening.