从乾隆花园的营建技艺看一代皇帝的审美取向和艺术追求

Discussion on the Aesthetic Orientation and Pursuit of the Emperor from the Construction and Techniques Used in the Qianlong Garden

乾隆花园坐落于宁寿宫内西路,是宁寿宫中最为独特的院落。论及乾隆花园,就必然涉及宁寿宫整个区域;而宁寿宫又与清朝的一位杰出皇帝——乾隆皇帝密不可分。乾隆拥有权力者所拥有的一切素质和禀赋:智慧、机谋、坚强和野心;同时,他追求禅道的空灵与虚幻,崇尚儒者的温文尔雅,他对艺术与技术的追求近乎苛刻。正是这样的品质与人格造就了这样近乎完美,且无处不充斥着个人魅力的皇家园林与宫廷陈设,也正是这样登峰造极的技术与艺术带给我们无限的追溯与畅想,她留给我们的是一代帝王和一个时代的辉煌。文章透过乾隆花园空间布局、造园手法和内檐装修的分析,揭示乾隆花园的缔造者——乾隆皇帝的审美取向和艺术追求。

Qianlong Garden locates in the west axis in the Palace of Tranquil Longevity,being one of the most unique complexes in the whole palace.Talking about the Garden,or the Palace of Tranquil Longevity,there is one figure that we cannot ignore:Qianlong Emperor.Knowledgeable,smart,strong and ambitious,Qianlong Emperor is such an emperor with all the qualities and talents that a ruler needs.While at the same time,he is also a creature of emotions,pursuing the spirit of Zen as well as the kindness of Confucians through art and techniques.It is the combination of the two aspects that creates the unique emperor,who built the charming and almost perfect imperial gardens and interior decorations inside the Qianlong Garden,and left the futurity enormous art and techniques for imaging and studying,presenting a brilliant emperor and a glorious time.In this paper,the author will look through the space design,gardening and decoration techniques.And then,we will go further and explore the origins of them,that is,the Qianlong Emperor's aesthetic orientation and pursuit.