农户环境卫生设施的不平等测度及分解

Inequality Measurement and Decomposition of Rural Households’ Sanitation Facilities

农户环境卫生设施的不平等关乎农村居民健康和城乡发展差距。文章利用2012-2016年中国家庭跟踪调查(CFPS)家庭数据,测度了安全饮用水、清洁能源、卫生厕所、垃圾处理等农户环境卫生设施的不平等程度。在回归基础上的集中指数及分解结果显示:安全饮用水的不平等程度最低,远小于其他三种环境卫生设施的不平等程度,中国存在亲富人的农户环境卫生设施不平等。在对农户环境卫生设施不平等的贡献中,家庭收入不平等贡献最大,其次是户主受教育水平,再次为家庭经营范围差异。建议农村环境卫生设施改善应重点关注低收入群体,并在方向上由改水向改厕、改灶和垃圾处理倾斜。

The inequality of environmental sanitation facilities in rural households is related to the health of rural residents and urban-rural development gap. This paper uses the Chinese Family Panel Studies(CFPS) household data from 2012 to 2016 to measure the inequality degree of environmental sanitation facilities of farmers, such as safe drinking water, clean energy, sanitary toilets and waste disposal. The concentration index and decomposition results on the basis of regression show that the inequality level in safe drinking water is the lowest, far less than the inequality of other three kinds of environmental sanitation facilities;there is pro-rich inequality in Chinese rural households’ environmental sanitation facilities. In terms of the contribution to the inequality of rural household’s environmental health facilities, the family income inequality contributes the most, followed by the education level of the head of the household, and then the difference of family business scope. The paper suggests that the improvement of sanitation facilities in rural areas should focus on low-income groups, and the transformation focus should be shifted from water to toilets, stoves and waste disposal.