河南省居民“医养结合”养老模式认知及影响因素调查

Cognition on pension pattern with integration of medical and elderly care and its influencing factors among residents in Henan province

目的调查河南省居民对"医养结合"养老模式认知情况及影响"医养结合"养老事业发展的因素。方法本研究采用自行设计的调查问卷,通过简单随机抽样调查法于2019年6-9月对河南省郑州、新乡、周口等地区2 361人进行调查。结果河南省居民对于"医养结合"养老模式认知程度普遍较低。对医养结合十分了解的占1.86%(44/2 361),基本了解占12.58%(297/2 361),听说过但不了解占45.53%(1 075/2 361),从未听过占40.03%(945/2 361);有79.16%(1 869/2 361)表示想深入了解医养结合;5.63%(133/2 361)表示以后会选择"医养结合"养老机构。对医养结合有了解兴趣对比不感兴趣的人群会选择医养结合的比例高(χ~2=206.110,P <0.05);越了解"医养结合"养老模式,选择意愿越高(χ~2=109.698,P <0.05)。影响选择养老机构主要因素有赡养者时间精力(65.73%)、被赡养者身体状况(61.80%)、家庭经济情况(50.74%)等。结论 "医养结合"模式尚处于试点阶段,在河南省内认知水平较低。政府部门应完善相关政策并加大宣传力度,发挥临床营养科作用加强营养管理,不断探索优化"医养结合"养老模式内容。

Objective To investigate the cognition on a pension pattern characterized by integrated medical and elderly care services and its influencing factors among residents in Henan province. Methods Using a self-designed questionnaire,we conducted a survey among 2 500 urban and rural residents recruited with simple random sampling in 18 municipalities across Henan province during June-September 2019. Results Complete information were collected from 2 361(94.44%)of the residents. Of the valid respondents, 40.03% had never heard of the pension pattern integrating medical and elderly care services;45.53% had just heard of it but did not know about the pattern;12.58% had a general knowledge about the pattern;and 1.86% knew all about the pattern. The majority(79.16%) of the respondents expressed the willingness to get a comprehensive knowledge about the pension pattern but only a few(5.63%) of the respondents reported the willingness to utilize the integrated medical and elderly care services in future. The ratio for having the willingness to utilize the integrated care services was higher among the respondents intending to get the knowledge about the pension pattern than among those without the intension(χ~2 = 206.110, P < 0.05) and the ratio was also higher among the respondents with a comprehensive knowledge about the pension pattern than among those with a little knowledge(χ~2 = 109.698, P < 0.05). Among the respondents, the self-reported main impact factors for the selection of elderly care institution were time and vitality(perceived by 65.73% of the respondents), physical condition(61.80%), and family economic condition(50.74%).Conclusion The cognition on the integrated medical and elderly care services for older people is at a low level among urban and rural residents in Henan province and government departments should improve relevant policies and increase publicity efforts for the promotion of the pension pattern.