论传统工艺设计管理的“入市”标准

“Market”–A Standard for Traditional Craft Production Management

传统工艺制作管理的手段多样,有官方制定的标准、阶层等级的制度、风俗习惯的传承等,不一而论。人们在谈论工艺品审美和技艺时不自觉以古代官方制造的工艺品为对象,但在谈到市场及批量化产品时,则更多地以民间流通样式为标准。本文将传统工艺品立足于其交换性,来探讨市场作为一种标准,如何规定它们的制造和生产。市场对流通其中的工艺品的约束和管理从"市"的产生就发生了,直至逐渐成熟,市场所发挥的规定性影响着进入到它的每一件用品和器具上--成为一种隐形的标准。官方工艺品将不在讨论范围之内。官府和民间的工艺品朝着两个不同维度发展,虽然期间有技巧和审美上的融合,并同时能通过市集获得,但仍属少数。进入市场的工艺品更多地要考虑到材料、人工成本和销售利润。很大程度上,它们的发展基于市场的交换和被市场接纳程度,市场既是工艺生产管理的目的,也是手段。

The methods of traditional craft production management are rich and diverse.When people talk about the aesthetics and skills of crafts,they unconsciously use the official crafts as the object.However,when it comes to the market and mass production,it is based on folk circulation.Using"market"as an entry point to discuss the handicrafts as a products used in exchange,for the purpose of talking about how the market regulates traditional craft product.“Market”does not have the function of restraining and managing traditional craft production,but it regulates the supplies and utensils that enter it from generation to development–as an invisible standard.Taking the"market"as the standard,we must first exclude the official handicraft industry from the discussion.The official handicraft industry and folk handicrafts are developed in two different dimensions.Although there are skill and aesthetic integrate in the period,and they can be obtained through the market.Crafts that can enter the"market"should consider material,labor and profits.Most of the time,their development is based on the acceptance of the market.The“market”is both the purpose and the means of traditional craft production management.