WTO框架下美国大飞机补贴实证研究--以“欧盟诉美国大飞机补贴案”为例

An Empirical Research on the U. S. Large Civil Aircraft Subsidy Under WTO Framework

2019年3月,WTO上诉机构就2004年"欧盟诉美国大飞机补贴案"做出终裁,引发全球贸易战背景下各国对大飞机补贴问题的高度关注。美国鼓励军民航合作、制定税收优惠政策和干预大飞机销售的补贴政策与法治实践是一种相对成熟的制度规范。中国C919大飞机即将进入国内外市场,与美国波音和欧洲空客飞机形成三足竞争态势。为垄断市场份额,欧美国家极有可能对中国展开反补贴调查。中国可参鉴美国有益的补贴政策和先进的实践经验,以军民深度融合战略为契机,在WTO框架下调整大飞机补贴方式,扩大补贴范围,避免专向性,区分补贴类型,分散补贴风险,从而促进中国航空制造业的发展和保护国家重大权益。

In March 2019,the WTO Appellate Body made a final ruling on the 2004 "EU v.U.S.Large Civil Aircraft Subsidy Case",which aroused the high attention of the countries to the issue of large civil aircraft( LCA) subsidy under the background of global trade war.It is a relatively mature institutional norm for the U.S.to encourage the cooperation between military and civil aviation,formulate preferential tax policies and intervene in subsidy policies as well as legal practices of large aircraft sales.China’s C919 LCA will soon enter the domestic and foreign markets,forming a three-legged competition with American Boeing and European Airbus.In order to monopolize the market share,the EU and the U.S.are very likely to carry out anti-subsidy investigation against China.China can learn from the beneficial subsidy policies and advanced practical experience of the U.S.,take the opportunity of the deep military and civilian integration strategy,adjust the way of LCA subsidy under the framework of WTO,expand the subsidy scope,avoid the subsidy specificity,distinguish the subsidy types and disperse the subsidy risks,so as to promote the development of China’s aviation manufacturing industry and protect the country’s significant rights and interests.