城市地下垃圾中转站选址-分配问题研究

The Research on the Location Assignment Problem of Urban Underground Garbage Transfer Station

【目的】为缓解城市垃圾运输及处理压力,解决垃圾中转站转运能力不足、投入成本过高、环境污染严重等问题,研究城市地下垃圾中转站选址-分配问题。【方法】首先,结合城市垃圾收运模式及地下物流特征,建立以垃圾中转站建设成本、垃圾运输成本和垃圾分类管理成本之和最小为目标的混合整数数学规划模型。其次,以上海市为例,基于该市空间布局特征,随机生成20组不同规模的算例。再次,借助优化软件CPLEX对模型的有效性及求解效果进行验证分析。最后,借助24组小规模算例进行了实例演练,并进行了成本扰动分析。【结果】1)建立的模型在300s内可求解最大问题的规模为1000个垃圾收集点、50个地下垃圾中转站、4个垃圾处理厂。2)随着问题规模(垃圾收集点、地下垃圾中转站)的增大,问题求解复杂度急剧增加。3)单位运输成本相比单位建设成本和单位分类管理成本对选址-分配方案的影响更大。【结论】研究成果不仅对现有选址-分配问题的理论进行拓展,而且可有效缓解城市垃圾收运压力、节省垃圾转运投入成本,为城市环卫规划部门提供决策支持。

[Purposes]In order to alleviate the pressure of urban garbage transportation and treatment,and solve the problems such as inadequate transfer capacity,high input cost and serious environmental pollution of garbage transfer stations,the location-assignment problem of urban underground garbage transfer stations is studied by combining urban garbage collection pattern and underground logistics system.[Methods]Firstly,a mixed integer programming model is proposed based on the urban garbage collection pattern and the characteristics of underground logistics.Secondly,based on its spatial distribution characteristics of Shanghai,20 large instances of different sizes are randomly generated.Thirdly,the effectiveness of the model is verified by CPLEX.Finally,the operation practical is carried out and the cost perturbation analysis is done by using some small-scale instances.[Findings]The experimental results show that:1)the model established can solve the problem with up to 1000collection points,50transfer stations and 4treatment plants within 300s.2)the complexity of problem increases sharply with its size.3)Compared with unit construction cost and unit classification management cost,unit transportation cost has more influence on location-assignment scheme.[Conclusions]This research not only can enrich the theory of location-assignment problem,but also can effectively relieve the pressure of urban garbage collection and transportation and save the costs of garbage transfer,so as to provide decision-making support for urban environmental protection planning department.