落水洞水位对水文情景响应变化的试验研究

Experimental Study on the Responses of Groundwater Level Changes in the Sinkhole on Different Hydrology Scenarios

岩溶含水系统水流运动规律的研究对岩溶地区水资源可持续利用和经济发展具有重要意义。物理模型一定程度上可以随意设置不同的试验条件及水文情景,是研究岩溶水流运动规律的有效工具之一。利用自行设计研制的裂隙网络-管道双重介质物理模型,设置3种不同的补排关系、6个不同的泉口直径、3个不同的含水层倾角,研究落水洞水位变化规律。结果表明:补给大于排泄、含水层无倾角时,落水洞水位呈对数曲线趋势上升;补给大于排泄、含水层有倾角时,落水洞水位变化可用二次函数描述;补给小于排泄、含水层无倾角时,落水洞水位呈阶梯状下降,且阶梯个数与层面裂隙条数相等;补给小于排泄、含水层有倾角时,落水洞水位呈直线下降。同一泉口直径,无论含水层有无倾角,落水洞水位下降可由同斜率、不同截距的直线簇表达。

The study on the groundwater flow is essential to the sustainable development of water resources and economy in the karst areas. The physical model is an effective way to investigate the changes of karst groundwater flow because it can be changed according to the experiments conditions and hydrological scenarios. A physical model of fractures network-conduits was built. Three different hydrological scenarios, six different diameters of discharge outlet and three different angels of the aquifer layer were set to investigate the response of groundwater level to these different conditions. The results show that the groundwater level in the sinkhole increased as log curve when the recharge is more than discharge and the aquifer is horizontal, while it is quadratic curve when the aquifer is not horizontal. The groundwater level is decreased as steps line when the recharge is less than the discharge and the aquifer is horizontal under different diameters of the spring outlets, while it decreases as straight line when the aquifer is not horizontal. The groundwater level can be depicted as a group of straight lines under the condition of the same spring outlet diameter whether the aquifer has an angel or not.