红山文化女神信仰研究

Study on the Goddess Belife of Hongshan Culture

本文从宗教心理学视角对红山女神的信仰内涵及信仰体系问题进行研究,认为红山文化至牛河梁阶段已具有较为完整的信仰体系并至少包含原始巫术、图腾崇拜、女神崇拜三个部分,前两者产生时代较早,后期三者同时存在。其中,小型女神像是红山先民促进生育及丰产的巫术用具,大型女神像依其体型不同从大到小依次代表创始祖先女神、次级女神、女神代言人(女萨满),动物雕像则是红山文化社会联盟中不同部落的氏族祖先神,从属于女神崇拜。

The article try to find out the connotation of Hongshan goddess and its belief system from the perspective of psychology of religion.We believe that Hongshan culture has a relatively complete belief system,which at least includes three parts,these are primitive witchcraft,totem worship and goddess worship.The former two appeared earlier,and latter the three parts existed in the same historical period.Among them,the small goddess statue is the ancestors to promote fertility witchcraft utensils,the large goddess statues represent the original goddess,the secondary goddess,the goddess spokesperson(female shaman)in order of size.The animal statues are the ancestor gods of the different tribes in the Hongshan social union,which belongs to goddess worship.