异物志传统的新变——以唐宋岭南民俗志中的风土书写为考察对象

The Evolution of the Tradition of Foreign Objects Records--Taking the Writing of Customs in Lingnan Folklore Ethnography of the Tang and Song Dynasties as the Subject of Investigation

从汉代到唐代,对岭南风土的写作,形成异物志的传统。宋代,这种传统悄然发生着新变。变化主要体现在:一、写作对象的重心开始由异物到异文化转换,岭南形象也从封闭走向开放;二、岭南书写中的人物形象也开始了变化,从唐末的士人群体的颓废,转换到宋代士人主体意识的高涨;三、在经验表述与知识生成方面,异物志传统下的岭南写作呈现出一种驱魅式写作,而宋代的岭南写作则有意舍弃对前人文献的引用,注重自身的观察。岭南风土书写的这种嬗变是古典民俗志在内容和体例方面转换的一个生动个案,对我们当下探讨民俗志理论与实践不无裨益。

From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, there was a tradition of foreign objects records in the writing of the customs of Lingnan. In the Song Dynasty, however, this tradition changed quietly. The main changes are as follows: firstly, the focus of the writing began to change from foreign objects to foreign cultures, and the image of Lingnan also changed from a closed one to an open one;secondly, the characters in the writings also changed, from the decadent scholars in the late Tang Dynasty to scholars with rising subjective consciousness in the Song Dynasty;thirdly, in the aspect of experience expression and knowledge generation, the tradition of foreign object records presented a kind of disenchantment. In the Song Dynasty, the writers intentionally abandoned the citation of previous literature and paid attention to their own observation. The evolution of Lingnan folklore writing is a vivid case of the transformation of the content and style of classical folklore ethnography, which is helpful for us to explore the theory and practice of folklore ethnography at present.