法经济学视角下的著作权合理使用制度——兼议《著作权法》第三次修订的“封闭或开放”

Fair Use of Copyright System from the Perspective of Law and Economics——On the Debate of“Closed or Open”in the Third Revision of the Copyright Law

在法经济学的视阈下,合理使用制度的经济合理性在于纠正交易成本过高、外部不经济和反公地悲剧等引起的市场失灵来实现社会利益的最大化。《著作权法》第三次修订过程中对条款设置“封闭或开放”的论争反映了现行著作权法律制度运行中评价标准不一的问题。借助卡尔多——希克斯效率的检验,合理使用制度设置以实现内在评价尺度和效益衡量标准的统一。

From the perspective of law and economics,the economic rationality of fair use system lies in correcting market failure caused by high transaction cost,external diseconomy and tragedy of anti-commons to maximize social benefits.In the third revision of the copyright law,the controversy over the“closed or open”provisions reflects the different evaluation standards in the operation of the current copyright law system.With the help of the test of Cardo Hicks Efficiency,the reasonable use of system settings can achieve the unity of internal evaluation scale and benefit measurement standard.