公司对外担保合同的效力认定和效果归属--上海吉品拉链担保公司追偿权纠纷案、朱莉民间借贷案件为视角

The Validity and Effect Attribution of the Company’s External Guarantee Contract--Base on the Case of Zaidanbao co.,ltd and Zhuli

担保作为促进资金融通、商品流通、保障债权的重要制度,具有重大社会经济作用。但在实践中,公司控股股东肆意操纵公司或者法定代表人擅自以公司名义对外担保的行为屡见不鲜。为此《公司法》第16条规定公司对外担保需经股东(大)会或者董事会决议,通过公司集体意志及其自身的民主机制改善混乱担保的局面,从而达到平衡股东、公司、担保权人以及其他债权人等多方主体的多元利益的效果。但是《公司法》第16条规定较为笼统,虽然针对公司担保附加了限制性条件,但未进一步明确公司对外担保的效力及效果归属问题,由此产生了诸多法律适用问题。

As an important system to promote financing and commodity circulation,guarantee plays an important role in social economy.However,in practice,it is common that the controlling shareholders of the company arbitrarily manipulate the company or the legal representatives provide external guarantee in the name of a company without authorization.Therefore,Article 16 of the Company Law stipulates that the external guarantee of a company needs to be resolved by the shareholders or the board of directors,through the collective will of the company and its own democratic mechanism to reduce the chaotic guarantee situation,so as to balance the multiple interests of shareholders,the company,the secured party and other creditors.However,Article 16 of the Company Law only imposes restrictive conditions on the guarantee,and does not further clarify the validity and effect of the company’s external guarantee,which leads to new problems in the application of law.