杜仲的知识产权资源与道地性保护研究

Research on the Protection of Intellectual Property Resources and Authenticity of Duzhong(eucommiae cortex)

目的:研究知识经济时代中药材的知识产权与道地性保护,探寻中医药现代化过程中知识化的路径和后良好农业规范(GAP)时代把控中药材质量的方法。方法:以杜仲为例,作实证研究,阐述涉及杜仲的地理标志、商标、传统知识、农业生物遗传资源、植物新品种、专利等农业知识产权资源,分析其农业知识产权与道地性保护存在的主要问题,探讨杜仲的知识产权与道地性保护策略。结果:杜仲有7种国家地理标志产品、3件国家地理标志商标、2种国家农产品地理标志;杜仲传统知识与文化遗产以及生物遗传资源保护与利用,尚未得到应有的重视;杜仲只有5个品种被授予林业植物新品种权;涉及杜仲的国家发明专利,直接涉及到农业的不多,地理标志杜仲原产县域农业科技创新弱。结论:针对杜仲农业知识产权与道地性保护存在的主要问题,提出完善杜仲地理标志保护、传承杜仲相关的非物质文化遗产与农业文化遗产、培育杜仲优良新品种、保护专利与植物新品种、建设区域公用品牌、推进杜仲道地药材生产基地建设、创建国家级与省级特色农产品优势区、推行规范化与标准化生产等相关建议。

Objective: To study the intellectual property and authentic protection of Chinese medicinal materials in the era of knowledge economy, and to explore the path of knowledge in the process of modernization of traditional Chinese medicine and methods to control the quality of Chinese medicinal materials in the post-GAP(Good Agricultural Practice) era. Method: Taking Chinese crude drug eucommiae cortex as an example, make empirical research, and explain the agricultural intellectual property resources, such as geographical indications,trademarks, traditional knowledge, agricultural biological genetic resources, new plant varieties and patents, etc.,and analyze the main protection problems of its agricultural intellectual property and authenticity, and then discuss the tactics to protect the intellectual property and authenticity of the crude drug. Results: There are 7 national geographical indication products, 3 national geographic mark trademarks and 2 national geographical indications of agricultural products of the crude drug. The protection and utilization of the traditional knowledge, the cultural heritages, and the biological genetic resources have not received due attention. Only 5 varieties of eucommiae cortex were granted the new forest plant variety right. Few national invention patents related to eucommiae cortex are directly related to agriculture. The originated county of geographical indications is weak in agricultural scientific and technological innovation of the crude drug. Conclusion: In view of the main problems existing in the protection of agricultural intellectual property and the authenticity of eucommiae cortex, the paper puts forward some suggestions, such as: to improve the protection of geographical indications, inherit the intangible cultural heritages and agricultural cultural heritages, cultivate new varieties of eucommiae cortex, protect patents and new varieties of plants, build regional public brands of the crude drug, promote the production base construction of genuine medicinal materials of eucommiae cortex, create national and provincial advantage areas of characteristic agricultural products, and carry out the standardized and standardized production of the crude drug.