农业绿色发展的制度逻辑与实践路径

The Institutional Logic and Practice Path for Green Development of Agriculture

农业绿色发展是农业发展方式的根本性变革,是一个系统工程,从制度经济学视角进行分析更有利于从全局角度解决当前农业绿色发展中存在的问题,有利于在顶层设计上实施统筹推进。文章从制度变迁视角分析了农业绿色发展的驱动因素及制度逻辑,探讨了当前和今后我国农业绿色发展应该着重解决好的关键问题。研究结果表明:自上而下的政府推动和自下而上的需求拉动促进农业绿色发展转型;农业绿色发展的制度逻辑包括降低交易费用、外部性内部化、实现规模经济、克服风险、改变制度的成本-收益结构;推进农业绿色发展应解决好道德问题、技术问题、规制问题、生产问题和市场问题。

The green development of agriculture is a fundamental change of agricultural development mode and a systematic project.The analysis from the perspective of institutional economics is more important to solve the current problems in the green development of agriculture,and also promote co-ordination from top-level design.This paper analyzes the driving factors and the institutional logic of agricultural green development from the perspective of institutional change,and probes into the key problems that should be solved in the current and future agricultural green development in China.The results show that:top-down government promotion and bottom-up demand promotion promote the transformation of agricultural green development;the institutional logic of agricultural green development includes reducing transaction costs,internalizing externalities,realizing economies of scale,overcoming risks,and changing the cost-benefit structure of the system;to promote agricultural green development,we should solve the problems of morality,technology,regulation,production and market.