不同品种鸡肌肉中氨基酸、脂肪酸及肌苷酸比较

Comparative study on amino acid,fatty acid and IMP of chicken from different poultry species

【目的】比较研究高原地区不同品种鸡肌肉营养及品质信息,为畜牧产业提供技术指导.【方法】以甘肃省渭源县黄香沟牧场养殖的‘青爪乌鸡’‘珍珠鸡’‘贵妃鸡’‘黄麻鸡’‘白公鸡’等为研究对象,对这5个品种鸡肌肉脂肪酸、氨基酸及肌苷酸含量及组成进行比较分析.【结果】5个品种鸡肌肉中n-6脂肪酸含量为37.02%~45.91%,n-3/n-6比值为0.17~0.32;亚麻酸占总脂肪酸的1.79%~3.93%,其中‘珍珠鸡’肌肉含量最高,为3.93%;亚油酸占总脂肪酸的22.07%~33.70%,其中‘青爪乌鸡’肌肉亚油酸含量最高为33.70%.与推荐的氨基酸水平相比,5个品种鸡肌肉中的氨基酸组成均衡,蛋白质量好,5个鸡品种肌肉中的必需氨基酸评分均接近于或者大于100,其中‘青爪乌鸡’和‘贵妃鸡’的苏氨酸评分分别为97.5和97.2;‘青爪乌鸡’‘珍珠鸡’‘贵妃鸡’‘黄麻鸡’及‘白公鸡’等肌肉中鲜味氨基酸分别为5.46、5.85、4.98、4.82和5.20,其中‘珍珠鸡’肌肉中鲜味氨基酸含量最高,为5.85;5个鸡品种肌肉中肌苷酸含量均较高,‘青爪乌鸡’‘珍珠鸡’和‘贵妃鸡’肌肉中IMP含量显著高于‘大白公鸡’和‘黄麻鸡’(P<0.05),‘青爪乌鸡’肌肉中IMP含量最高.【结论】高原地区的‘青爪乌鸡’‘珍珠鸡’‘贵妃鸡’‘黄麻鸡’‘白公鸡’肌肉中均含有高质量的脂质和蛋白质;肌苷酸含量高,风味物质丰富;必需氨基酸组成均衡,谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、赖氨酸、亮氨酸、精氨酸含量丰富.脂肪酸含量丰富,且比值符合推荐范围.

【Objective】 In order to provide technical guidance for the livestock industry and consumers,nutrition and quality information of five different breeds of chickens muscle were comparative studied in the plateau area.【Method】 The Black chicken,Guinea Fowl,Royal Chicken,White Cock and Yellow Chicken collected from Huang Xianggou pasture in Weiyuan county of Gansu.The contents and compositions of fatty acids,amino acids and inosinic acid in chicken muscles of different breeds were analyzed and compared by relevant national standard method and literature method.【Result】 All the poultry species recorded good amounts of n-6 fatty acids(37.02%~45.91%) and the n-3/n-6 ratio ranged from 0.17 to 0.32.Linolenic acid accounted for 1.79%~3.93% of total fatty acids,and the highest muscle content of Guinea Fowl was 3.93%.Linoleic acid accounted for 22.07%~33.70% of the total fatty acids,and the highest linoleic acid content was 33.70% in the Black chicken.Compared with the recommended amino acid levels,all the poultry species protein has a well-balanced amino acid composition.The essential amino acid scores in the muscles of the five chicken breeds were close to or greater than 100,among which the threonine scores in the chicken and the chicken were 97.5 and 97.2 respectively.The amino acids of umami in the muscles of Black chicken,Guinea Fowl,Royal Chicken,Yellow Chicken and White Cock were 5.46,5.85,4.98,4.82 and 5.20,respectively.The content of inosinic acid in the muscles of the five chicken breeds was relatively highest.Besides,the IMP content in the muscles of the Black chicken,Guinea Fowl,Royal Chicken was significantly higher than that of the White Cock and Yellow Chicken(P<0.05),and the IMP content in the muscles of the Black chicken was the highest.【Conclusion】 It could be concluded that the five important poultry species from China Loess Plateau region contained with high quality lipids and proteins.The high content of inosinic acid in the muscles of the five chicken is rich in flavor.The composition of essential amino acids is balanced.Glutamate,aspartic acid,lysine,leucine and arginine are abundant.Fatty acids are abundant in the five chicken and the ratios fit the recommended range.