土壤消毒结合微生物菌剂防控茄子黄萎病及对根际真菌群落结构的影响

Effect of Soil Disinfection Combined With Microbial Agents on Control of Eggplant Verticillium Wilt and Its Relationship to Rhizosphere Fungi Community Structure

通过田间微区试验,采用高通量测序技术,探究不同土壤消毒结合微生物菌剂方法对连作茄子黄萎病防控和根际土壤真菌群落结构影响。结果表明:土壤消毒结合枯草芽孢杆菌处理(BB)显著降低了根际真菌Ace、Chao和Shannon指数,分别比连作茄子处理(CK)降低了23.29%、19.78%和42.71%,黄萎病病原菌数量与病情指数分别比CK处理降低97.2%和51.6%。茄子根际土壤真菌多样性和黄萎病病原菌数量呈显著正相关性。根际土壤主要优势菌门为子囊菌门(Ascomycota),相对百分比在各处理中均大于50%。BB处理显著增加了接合菌门(Zygomycota)的相对丰度,比CK处理增加了73.3%,但子囊菌门和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)的相对丰度分别降低33.6%和61.1%;与对照处理(CK)和化学农药消毒(CF)相比,BB处理和土壤消毒处理(BF)毛壳菌(unclassified_f_Chaetomiaceae)和被孢酶属(Mortierella)等有益菌相对丰度增加,镰刀菌属(Fusarium)和马杜拉分枝菌属(Madurella)等病土传病原菌的相对丰度降低。土壤消毒并配施枯草芽孢杆菌改变土壤真菌群落结构使茄子黄萎病得到有效防控。

The effects of different soil disinfection methods on soil microbial community structure and the number of pathogens of verticillium wilt in rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping eggplant were studied by field microarea experiment and high throughput sequencing technique.It provided scientific basis and theoretical guidance for green prevention and control of eggplant continuous cropping obstacles.The results showed that biological fumigation combined with Bacillus subtilis treatment(BB)significantly decreased fungi diversity index,which including Ace,Chao and Shannon index,which was 23.29%,19.78%and 42.71%lower than that of continuous cropping eggplant treatment(CK),respectively.There was no significant difference in Ace and Chao index between(BF)treatment and BB treatment.Compared with CK,the number of pathogens and disease index of verticillium wilt treated with BB decreased by 97.2%and 51.6%,respectively.But there was no significant difference compared with Bacillus subtilis treatment(BS).There was a significant positive correlation between fungi diversity and the number of verticillium wilt pathogens in eggplant rhizosphere soil.Ascomycota was the main dominant bacteria,Which account for more than 50%in each treatment.Compared with CK treatment,BB treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of conjugated bacteria by 73.3%,and the relative abundance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota decreased by 33.6%and 61.1%,respectively.After biological fumigation combined with Bacillus subtilis sterilized soil,the relative abundance of unclassified_f_Chaetomiaceae,Mortierella and other beneficial bacteria increased,while the relative abundance of Fusarium,Madurella and other diseased soil-borne pathogenic bacteria decreased.Biological fumigation combined with Bacillus subtilis could reduce fungi diversity,increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria in soil,improve soil ecology,reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria of soil verticillium wilt,and effectively prevent and control the occurrence of eggplant verticillium wilt.