认罪认罚案件中被追诉人反悔问题分析

On the Renege of the Accused After Their Confession and Acceptance of Punishment

认罪认罚案件中被追诉人的反悔问题既关乎认罪认罚的自愿性和实体的公正性,亦影响诉讼程序的开展和认罪认罚从宽制度的推行,其重要性不容忽视。尽管2018年《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》(以下简称《刑事诉讼法》)对于反悔问题的规定较为粗疏,但不可否认认罪认罚案件中的反悔是被追诉人当然享有的一项法定权利。当然,仅仅承认反悔权的存在并不足以实现对于被追诉人的全面保护,还应通过明确审查起诉阶段、一审审判阶段和一审判决后阶段的程序安排确保被追诉人反悔后能够获得公正的对待。同时,为了防止被追诉人对于反悔权的滥用,应建立相应的约束机制以合理规范反悔权的行使,基于被追诉人相较办案机关处于弱势地位的考量,在审查起诉阶段和一审审判阶段不宜作过多限制,以实现反悔权行使的高度自由,关注重点应置于一审判决后阶段,可以考虑推行有因上诉制度并辅之以二元化的处理机制。

The renege of the accused after their confession and acceptance of punishment is related to the voluntariness of the accused and the impartiality of the institute, and affects the contentious procedure and the implementation of leniency system of confession and punishment, which shows its importance. Although the new code of criminal procedure does not stipulate the problem in details, the accused’s right of rescission cannot be denied, and the procedure should ensure that the accused is treated impartially after the renege. At the same time, restrictive mechanism should be established in case that the accused abuse the right of rescission. For the accused are disadvantaged compared to the judicail agents, they should enjoy a high degree of freedom in the right of rescission until the first instance, and afterwards, the system of appeal with cause assisted with dualistic handling mechanism can be adopted.