云门宗契嵩禅师佛体儒用的脉络及其思想史价值

The Logic and Value of Master Qisong’s Use of Confucianism in the Service of Buddhism

学界通常把云门宗契嵩禅师看作三教合一过程中的重要人物,或谓之"阳释阴儒",或谓之"援儒卫释"。实际上,综合考察契嵩所处时代之排佛浪潮及其护法活动的言行,可以发现契嵩的基本立场仍属佛家,并非"阳释阴儒";同时,契嵩亦非简单地"援儒卫释",而是以"佛体儒用"为根本思路,通过治世与治心的儒佛分工,在护法的基础上追求"以佛统儒"的根本理想。这在伦理观方面,表现为对儒家伦理的吸收;在心性论方面,表现为强调佛家心性论的优越性。

Scholars usually regard master Qisong of the Yunmen sect as an important figure in the integration of the three religions, and for some his fundamental is Confucianism, for others, Buddhism. In fact, through a comprehensive study of the anti-Buddhist wave of his time and of the dharma protection he advocates in both theory and practice, we can find that Qisong’s standpoint is still Buddhism, with a logic of using Confucianism to serve Buddhismuse: the former governs the society, and latter governs human spirit, so that he may pursue a fundamental ideal of"Buddhism governing Confucianism". This is reflected in the absorption of Confucian ethics, and the superiority of the Buddhist theory of human mind.