沙子岭猪血缘杂交猪的胴体性状及肌肉品质

Carcass and meat quality traits of crossbred pigs with graded proportions of Shaziling genes

以巴克夏和大约克猪为对照,比较沙子岭、1/2沙子岭(巴克夏×沙子岭)(巴沙)、1/4沙子岭(大约克×(巴克夏×沙子岭))(大巴沙)猪的胴体性状和肌肉品质,探讨氨基酸转运载体基因表达与氨基酸含量的相关性。结果表明:屠宰率、胴体长、眼肌面积、腿臀比例、瘦肉率等胴体性状指标随着沙子岭猪血缘含量的减少逐渐升高,而平均背膘厚、皮厚、肥肉率则表现出相反的变化趋势,其中大巴沙猪的主要胴体指标水平与瘦肉型巴克夏和大约克猪的接近;在肌肉品质方面,大理石纹评分、系水力、肌内脂肪含量以沙子岭或巴克夏猪的最高,大约克猪的最低,而滴水损失和水分含量则是大约克猪的最高;大巴沙、巴沙、沙子岭、巴克夏、大约克猪的饱和脂肪酸与单不饱和脂肪酸含量之和依次降低,多不饱和脂肪酸含量依次升高;沙子岭猪的必需氨基酸、风味氨基酸和总氨基酸含量均极显著高于其他猪的(P<0.01);氨基酸转运载体基因(CAT1)表达水平与氨基酸含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),说明氨基酸含量与CAT1基因有着密切的关系。沙子岭猪血缘猪具有良好的持水性能,大巴沙猪肌内脂肪含量适中,必需氨基酸、风味氨基酸、总氨基酸、饱和脂肪酸与单不饱和脂肪酸含量均很丰富,说明大巴沙猪的肉质风味和肌肉品质较好。综合考虑前期肥育性能和毛色一致性等因素,大巴沙猪是湘沙猪配套系较为理想的杂交组合。

With the control of Berkshire and Yorkshire pigs, carcass and meat quality traits of Shaziling, 1/2 Shaziling(Berkshire×Shaziling), 1/4 Shaziling(Yorkshire×(Berkshire×Shaziling)) were investigated, and the correlation between expressions of amino acid transporter genes and amino acid content was analyzed. The results demonstrated that carcass yield, carcass length, lion-eye area, ham percentage and lean percentage tended to increase gradually as Shaziling genes decreased, while the average backfat thickness, skin thickness and fat percentage exhibited the opposite change. Furthermore, the main index of carcass traits in Yorkshire×(Berkshire×Shaziling) pigs was very close to that in lean type Berkshire and Yorkshire pigs. The marbling score, water holding capacity and intramuscular fat content were higher in Shaziling or Yorkshire pigs, and lower in Yorkshire pig. Meanwhile, Yorkshire pigs had higher drip loss and water content. The total contents of saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid were decreased in Yorkshire×(Berkshire×Shaziling), Berkshire×Shaziling, Shaziling, Berkshire and Yorkshire pigs in turn, whereas the content of polyunsaturated fatty acid was increased in turn. And, the contents of essential amino acid, flavor amino acid and total amino acid in Shaziling pigs were significantly higher than those in other groups(P<0.01). In addition, significant positive correlation between amino acid transporter gene CAT1 expression and amino acid content was observed(P<0.01), implying that CAT1 gene is closely related to amino acid content. Compared with Berkshire and Yorkshire pigs, Shaziling and its crossbred pigs had higher water holding capacity. In Yorkshire×(Berkshire×Shaziling) pigs, the intramuscular fat content was moderate, the contents of essential amino acid, flavor amino acid, total amino acid, saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid were rich, suggesting that Yorkshire×(Berkshire×Shaziling) pigs has an advantage over pork flavor and meat quality. Taking into account the former fattening performance and consistency of coat color, Yorkshire×(Berkshire×Shaziling) is an ideal cross combination of Xiangsha synthetic line pigs.