除斥期间的刑法评价

The Evaluation of the Scheduled Period in Criminal Law from the Perspective of Risk Allocation

已罹除斥期间的欺诈行为的刑法评价涉及刑法应否保护"民法不予保护的利益"之问题。建立在违法论层面的法域关系协调范式不能解决该问题,应从除斥期间的规范目的之角度寻求解决之道。除斥期间制度对多元利益的平衡,本质上属于发挥一般预防作用的风险分配机制,与刑法的法益保护目的具有内在契合性。就法益保护目的的实现而言,除斥期间制度的风险分配是比刑事制裁更为有效且不会过度侵害被害人利益的一般预防策略。对于已罹除斥期间的欺诈行为的刑法评价,排斥考虑除斥期间制度的规范目的,将会导致法秩序冲突。基于除斥期间制度的风险分配功能,形成权人于除斥期间内未行使撤销权的事实应被理解为客观处罚条件。

When the scheduled period expired, the criminal law evaluation of fraud involves the question of whether the criminal law should protect "interests not protected by civil law". The paradigm of coordination of jurisdictional relations established at the level of the doctrine of objective "Rechtswidrigkeit" cannot solve this problem, and we should seek a solution from the perspective of the normative purpose of the scheduled period. The scheduled period system that balances multiple interests is essentially a risk allocation system that plays a general preventive role,and has an internal fit with the purpose of the legal interest protection of criminal law. For legal interest protection, compared with the general preventive function of criminal law, the risk allocation under the scheduled period system is a more effective general prevention strategy that does not excessively infringe on the interests of victims. For the criminal law evaluation of fraud after the expiration of scheduled period,if the consideration of the normative purpose of the scheduled period system is excluded, it will lead to conflict of legal order. Because the system of the scheduled period has a risk distribution function, the fact that the right holder has not exercised the right of cancellation during the scheduled period should be understood as an objective punishment condition.