东北玉米产后临储技术研究

Study on the Technology of Temporary Storage of Corn After Harvest in Northeast China

通过多次实地对黑龙江省储粮农户的调查,了解黑龙江省玉米产后临储现状,针对东北地区普遍存在的农户玉米临储“散堆地趴粮”和装仓储存两种方式,选取黑龙江省半湿润区巴彦县县域内三户储粮农户,以“散堆地趴粮”“自制简易木制结构小粮仓”“省粮食局试点建设的钢制玉米暂存仓”3种临储方式进行实仓试验,对试验临储玉米穗的水分、脂肪酸值、容重、霉变率等指标定期检测,利用数据统计汇总,绘制趋势变化图,进行数据对比,判断玉米产后损失的影响因素,试验后期对“散堆地趴粮”,分别以每15 d翻捣1次、每30 d翻捣1次、不翻捣的频次进行翻仓管理,并对比总结。结果表明:玉米产后损失影响因素主要是水分、脂肪酸、霉变率等,从而判断出储存于装具的玉米各项指标要明显好于散堆地趴粮的玉米,钢制玉米暂存仓的产后临储玉米减损效果优于木制小粮仓,并对临储试验存在的问题及其使用中的注意事项提出建议。

Based on many field investigations of grain storage farmers in Heilongjiang Province,the present situation of temporary storage of corn in Heilongjiang Province after harvest is known.In view of the two methods of temporary storage and storage of corn in bulk,which are common in northeast China,three grain-storing farmers in Bayan County,semi-humid area of Heilongjiang were selected three temporary storage methods of steel corn were used to carry out the full-scale storage experiment,which were used to lie on the ground,to make a simple wooden structure small granary,and to build a temporary storage warehouse of steel corn by means of regular examination of water content,fatty acid value,bulk density,moldy rate and other indexes of the experimental temporary storage corn ears,the data were statistically summarized,and the trend charts were drawn,and the data were compared judging the influence factors of the post-production loss of maize,comparing and summing up the management of turning grain on the ground in the late period of the experiment by the frequency of turning grain once in 15 days,once in 30 days and no turning.The results showed that the main factors affecting the post-production loss of corn were water content,fatty acid,mildew rate and so on,thus judging that the indexes of corn stored in the equipment were obviously better than those stored on the ground.The decreasing effect of the temporary storage of steel small grain silos was better than that of wooden small grain silos,and some suggestions were put forward for the problems in the temporary storage test and the matters needing attention in its application.