分层型水库水体好氧不产氧光合细菌时空演替特征

Spatial and Temporal Succession Characteristics of Aerobic Anoxygenic Photosynthesis Bacteria in a Stratified Reservoir

好氧不产氧光合细菌(aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis bacteria,AAPB)以多样的群落结构及独特的代谢功能在水体物质循环中扮演着重要角色.基于实时荧光定量PCR及Illumina MiSeq高通量DNA测序技术研究金盆水库水体中AAPB丰度及群落结构时空演替特征,结合冗余分析揭示环境因子对其群落结构影响规律.结果表明,金盆水库水体AAPB丰度(以pufM基因计)变化范围为(6.70±0.43)×10^3^(2.69±0.15)×10^4 copies·mL^-1,最大值出现于10月,且随水深增加而减小.样本主要归为19个属(除未分类菌属外),优势AAPB菌属包括慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium sp.)和甲烷菌属(Methylobacterium sp.),两者隶属α-变形菌(α-Proteobacteria),其中慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium sp.)占比于11月最高,高达60%以上(除10 m外),此外也发现了以低比例存在的红长命菌属(Rubrivivax sp.),隶属β-变形菌(β-Proteobacteria).AAPB不同属间存在较强的互作关系,如红杆菌属(Rhodobacter sp.)与小红卵菌属(Rhodovulum sp.)呈正相关,噬氢菌属(Hydrogenophaga sp.)与慢生根瘤菌属(Bradyrhizobium sp.)呈负相关等.AAPB种群结构组成及分布差异显著,主要受T、 TN、 NO-3-N和光照强度影响,且由环境因素综合调控.如10月水深0、 5和15 m水体AAPB种群结构受水温(T)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)显著影响, 12月水深5 m水体AAPB种群结构受光照强度、pH、溶解氧(DO)和叶绿素a(Chla)显著影响等.研究结果对解析分层型水库水体AAPB丰度和多样性的时空变化特征具有指导意义,并为探索AAPB种群结构的水环境驱动因素提供理论依据.

Aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis bacteria(AAPB) play a significant role in the material circulation of the hydrosphere, with diverse community structure and unique metabolic functions. To investigate the spatial and temporal succession characteristics of AAPB abundance and community structure in Jinpen Reservoir, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technique targeting the pufM gene were applied. Furthermore, redundancy analysis was used to determine the influence of environmental factors on their community structure. The results showed that the AAPB abundance ranged from(6.70±0.43)×10^3 to(2.69±0.15)×10^4 copies·mL^-1, with the maximum value appearing in October, and decreased with an increase in water depth. Samples were mainly classified into 19 genera(except for the unclassified genus);the most abundant AAPB genera were Bradyrhizobium sp. and Methylobacterium sp., which were affiliated to the α-Proteobacteria, and the proportion of the Bradyrhizobium sp. was highest in November, accounting for more than 60%(except 10 m). Furthermore, Rubrivivax sp., belonging to β-Proteobacteria, was found to have a low proportion. There was a strong interaction relationship between AAPB genera. For example, Rhodobacter sp. was positively correlated with Rhodovulum sp., while Hydrogenophaga sp. was negatively correlated with Bradyrhizobium sp.. The community structure composition and distribution of AAPB were significantly different, mainly affected by temperature(T), total nitrogen(TN), NO-3-N, and light intensity and comprehensively regulated by environmental factors. For instance, T, TN, and total phosphorus had a significant impact on the AAPB community structure of water samples at 0, 5, and 15 m in October, whereas light intensity, pH, DO, and chlorophyll-a were major structuring factors in the AAPB assemblages of water samples at 5 m in December. The results have guiding significance for parsing the spatial and temporal variability of AAPB abundance and diversity in stratified reservoirs, and simultaneously provide a theoretical basis for exploring the driving factors of AAPB population structure.