高利贷以非法经营罪论处之适当性探讨

Discussion on the Appropriateness of Usury Charged with the Crime of Illegal Business Operation

高利贷以是否具备经营性,可以区分为民间借贷型高利贷和营业型高利贷。民间借贷型高利贷是契约自由精神的体现,是双方自愿、合法的选择,宜以民法进行规制;营业型高利贷,背离民间借贷的本质属性,具备严重的社会危害性及刑事可罚性,无论是依同质性解释还是目的解释的路径,均符合非法经营罪兜底条款的要求。《关于办理非法放贷刑事案件若干问题的意见》中入罪的类型属营业型高利贷,其以非法经营罪论处,契合罪刑法定原则的根本要领。

Usury can be divided into private lending usury and commercial usury according to whether it is operating.Private lending usury is a manifestation of the spirit of freedom of contract.It is a voluntary and legal choice of both parties and should be regulated by civil law.While commercial usury deviates from the nature of private lending and has serious social hazards and criminal penalty,is in line with the requirements of the clauses of the crime of illegal business operation,whether based on homogeneity interpretation or purpose explanation.Therefore,the conviction type belongs to the commercial usury which punished by the crime of illegal business operation,is conform to the basic principles of the legal principle of criminal punishment.