日本应对认知症政策及照护体系研究

A Study on Japan's Policy and Care System for Coping with Cognitive Disorders

2015年,日本政府将认知症政策提升为国家战略,制定“认知症政策推进综合战略”(新橙色计划),并于2017年进一步完善该计划。地方自治体根据新橙色计划,因地制宜构建认知症社区综合照护体系,为认知症老人综合提供医疗、护理、预防护理及生活支援服务,使其在自己熟悉的社区安度晚年。为了维护认知症患者的权益,日本政府建立成年监护人制度,积极培养市民监护人,保障认知症老人安心接受医疗和照护。认知症家属自发组织“认知症家属会”,民间组织在政府支持下开设各种“认知症咖啡屋”,促进认知症患者及其家属间的交流,缓解照护负担,形成认知症患者及其家属、政府、民间组织、医疗护理机构共同参与的社会支持网络。

In 2015,the Japanese government upgraded its cognitive disorders policy to a national strategy,formulated a“comprehensive strategy for promoting cognitive disorders policy”(the New Orange Plan),and further improved the plan in 2017.According to the New Orange Plan,local autonomous bodies constructed a comprehensive community care system for the elderly with cognitive disorders,providing comprehensive medical,nursing,nursing prevention and life support services to enable them to spend their old age safely in their familiar communities.In order to protect the rights and interests of patients with cognitive disorders,the Japanese government established an adult guardian system,actively trained public guardians,and guaranteed the elderly with cognitive disorders to receive medical treatment and care at ease.Family members of cognitive disorders spontaneously organized“Cognitive Disorders Family Club”,and non-governmental organizations set up various“Cognitive Disorders Cafes”with the support of the government to promote communication between cognitive patients and their families,relieve the burden of care,and form a social support network involving cognitive patients and their families,government,non-governmental organizations and medical and nursing institutions.