实在、个体生命与实践——米歇尔·亨利对马克思的现象学解释

The Reality,Individual Life,and Praxis--On Michel Henry’s Phenomenological Interpretations of Marx

作为当代法国最为著名的现象学家之一,米歇尔·亨利对马克思进行了深入的解读。通过回到马克思的文本本身,尤其是通过回到其哲学文本,他以实在性问题为核心,揭示出在马克思的思想中,真正具有实在性的东西是个体生命,而不是社会、历史、阶级等普遍之物。他指出,在马克思看来,普遍之物只能奠基于个体生命之上,而作为实在的个体生命在其本质上是实践。这种实践彻底地对立于理论,它并不是客体化的活动,而是纯粹主体性的。亨利的马克思解释引起了很多争议,但是它对我们把握马克思思想的丰富性具有重要意义。

As one of the most famous phenomenologists in contemporary France,Michel Henry gave an in-depth interpretation of Marx.By returning to Marx’s texts themselves,especially to his philosophical texts,and centering on the problem of reality,Henry reveals that in Marx’s thought,what is truly real is the individual life,not the universal like society,history,class,etc.He points out that,from Marx’s view,the universal can only be founded on the individual life,and the essence of this life lies in the praxis.According to his interpretation,this praxis is radically opposed to theory,and it is not an activity of objectification,but is purely subjective.Henry’s interpretation of Marx caused many controversy,but is of great significance for us to comprehend the richness of Marx’s thought.