马克思《哲学的贫困》中的历史性思想

Historical Thought in Marx's The Poverty of Philosophy

在马克思从生产逻辑到资本逻辑的思想转变中,历史性思想的形成是其中重要的一环,《哲学的贫困》与《致安年柯夫的信》则是这一思想形成中的重要节点。与蒲鲁东等将资本主义社会看作自然社会不同,马克思强调这一社会是一种历史的存在,建立在这一社会基础上的思想观念同样是一种历史的存在。历史性思想使马克思意识到以生产逻辑为基础的人类学意义上的哲学,并不能真正区别于政治经济学的哲学基础,同样不能真正实现对近代以来的哲学、政治经济学理论前提的批判。马克思历史性思想的形成,为《资本论》对于资本主义社会经济发展、社会结构和思想观念的批判,提供了方法论的依据。

The formation of historical thought,the essentials of which are presented in The Poverty of Philosophy and Letter from Marx to Pavel Vasilyevich Annenkov,is one of the important links in Marx s theoretical shift from production logic to capital logic.Unlike Proudhon,who regarded the capitalist society as natural,Marx emphasizes the historicity of the capitalist society,as well as of those ideas based on this society.It is this historical thought that lets Marx to realize that production logic in the sense of anthropology is neither distinguishable from the philosophical foundation of political economy nor helpful in criticizing the theoretical premises of modern philosophy and political economy.The formation of historical thought provides a methodological basis for Marx's critique of capitalist social and economic development,social structure,and ideology in Das Kapital.