广州市2017-2018年流感疫情病原学监测结果分析

Etiological surveillance of influenza outbreaks in Guangzhou,2017-2018

目的分析广州市2017-2018年流感疫情的流行特征,为流感疫情的防控提供参考依据。方法采集2017-2018年流感疫情标本,采用多重实时荧光定量PCR方法检测流感病毒核酸。使用EXCEL 2010和SPSS 16.0软件进行数据统计和分析。结果2017—2018年共采集流感疫情标本4298份,流感病毒核酸阳性率为41.14%。2017年和2018年均呈现双峰流行的特点,其中2017年流行高峰出现在5—8月和10月—次年1月,2018年流行高峰较2017年提前1至2个月,出现在3—6月和10—次年2月。2017年疫情流行株为甲型H3N2亚型和B型流感病毒,2018年疫情流行株为甲型H1N1流感病毒。0~19岁年龄组B型流感病毒为主要流行病原,20~29岁年龄组A型流感病毒为主要病原。幼儿园中A型流感病毒为主要病原,小学和初高中B型流感病毒为主要病原。不同年龄组的流感病毒核酸阳性率有统计学意义(P<0.01),不同性别组流感病毒核酸阳性率差异无统计学意义(P=0.373)。结论广州市2017—2018年流感疫情呈双峰流行,高峰期出现在4—7月和10—12月,不同流感型别交替流行,不同年龄组感染情况差异有统计学意义。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza outbreaks in Guangzhou from 2017 to 2018,so as to provide references for the prevention and control policies of influenza epidemic.Methods Influenza virus nucleic acids in samples collected from 2017 to 2018 were detected by multiple real-time fluorescent PCR(Real-time PCR).EXCEL 2010 and SPSS 16.0 were used for the statistical analysis.Results A total of 4298 samples were collected from 2017 to 2018.The positive rate of influenza virus nucleic acid was 41.14%.Both in 2017 and 2018,the characteristics of double epidemic peaks were observed.The epidemic peaks in 2017 appeared from May to August and from October to January 2018.The epidemic peaks in 2018 appeared one to two month earlier than those in 2017,from March to June and from October to February 2019.The epidemic strains in 2017 were influenza A(H3N2)virus and influenza B virus while influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was predominant in 2018.Influenza B virus was the main pathogen in the 0-19 years old group and influenza A virus was the main pathogen in 20-29 years old group.In kindergartens,influenza A virus was the main pathogen while influenza B virus was the main pathogen in primary and secondary schools.There were statistically significant differences in the nucleic acid positive rates of influenza virus among different age groups(P=0.000)while the difference between different gender groups was not statistically significant(P=0.373).Conclusions The influenza outbreaks in Guangzhou were characterized by double epidemic peaks from 2017 to 2018.The epidemic peaks mainly occurred from April to July and from October to December,with the alternate types of influenza viruses.The differences of incidences among age groups were statistically significant.