植物蛋白替代鱼粉对克氏原螯虾生长和繁殖的影响

EFFECTS OF DIETARY FISH MEAL REPLACEMENT WITH VEGETABLE PROTEIN ON REPRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF RED SWAMP CRAYFISH, PROCAMBARUS CLARKII

为了探究复合植物性蛋白(豆粕﹕菜粕=1﹕1)替代鱼粉对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)生长以及繁殖性能的影响,实验以豆粕和菜粕为植物性蛋白源配制了6组不同替代水平的等氮等能的饲料并选取其中替代水平较高的3组添加蛋氨酸和赖氨酸,进行为期10周的养殖实验。实验结果表明:随着饲料中植物蛋白水平的提高,克氏原螯虾增重率和绝对繁殖力均显著下降(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,添加适量的植物性蛋白(33.8%)能显著提高克氏原螯虾的生长性能的同时对其绝对繁殖力和性腺指数无明显影响(P<0.05)。此外,在饲料中添加高水平的植物蛋白抑制克氏原螯虾的生长并且降低其繁殖能力,而在饲料中补充赖氨酸和蛋氨酸可以很好地改善这一状况。另外,尽管每组饲料的处理方式不同,但是克氏原螯虾性腺指数与绝对繁殖力变化一致。

To explore the effects of dietary fish meal replacement by mixed vegetable protein(equal amounts of soybean meal and rapeseed meal) on the growth and reproduction performance of adult red swamp crayfish(Procambarus clarkii), nine diets including six levels of mixed vegetable protein and with/without crystalline lysine and methionine supplementation were formulated for a 10-week trial. The results indicated that the weight gain rate, absolute fecundity of adult crayfish, and GSI of female crayfish decreased significantly(P<0.05) as the dietary vegetable protein level increased. Compared with the control group, proper inclusion(33.8%) of vegetable protein in the diet significantly(P<0.05) improved the growth of crayfish without impacting the absolute fecundity and gonadosomatic index(GSI).Amino acids supplementation in the diets containing vegetable protein prevented the depression of growth and fecundity. In addition, high plant protein inhibited the growth of adult red swamp crayfish and reduced the reproductive capacity, and the addition of lysine and methionine reversed these defects. In addition, although the food formula of each group is different, the gland index of Procambarus clarkii is consistent with the change of absolute fecundity.