金属尾矿库生物土壤结皮的类型及物种组成

TYPES AND SPECIES COMPOSITION OF BIOLOGICAL SOIL CRUST IN METAL TAILINGS PONDS

为对金属尾矿库生物土壤结皮进行研究, 2016年对湖北省黄石市的两个废弃尾矿库开展了生物土壤结皮调查,并采用空间代替时间的方法来研究结皮发育演替过程中的物种组成及变化。结皮中蓝藻、真菌和苔藓的绝对丰度分别为(0.63-2.01)×10^8、(0.19-1.53)×10^8和(0.08-3.34)×10^7 copies/g DW soil,随着结皮的演替蓝藻和真菌丰度降低,苔藓的丰度增加。从微生物组成来看,从两个尾矿库的生物土壤结皮中共分析出41门的物种,其中变形菌门、蓝藻门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门、绿弯菌门、疣微菌门、酸杆菌门、浮霉菌门、芽单胞菌门及热微菌门是主要组分,它们在不同结皮中累计丰度均达到90%以上。金属尾矿库中的生物土壤结皮物种组成及其变化规律与荒漠化地区类似,蓝藻在其中具有不可替代的作用。研究表明生物土壤结皮在金属尾矿库中广泛分布,同时可以起到增加尾矿库土壤养分的作用,可广泛应用于金属尾矿库的生态修复。

The metal tailings pond is a typical degraded habitat with high soil heavy metal content, low fertility, poor matrix structure and low vegetation coverage. To study the biological soil crust, samples were collected from two abandoned tailings ponds in 2016 from Huangshi City, Hubei Province to assess the species composition by spatial sequence method rather than time successional sequence. The absolute abundance of cyanobacteria, fungi and moss in the crusts were(0.63-2.01)×10^8,(0.19-1.53)×10^8 and(0.08-3.34)×10^7 copies/g DW soil, respectively, and the abundance of moss increased with the decreased abundance of cyanobacteria and fungi. A total of 41 species were analyzed from the biological soil crusts, in which Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, Gemmatimonadetes and Thermomicrobia were the main components.The accumulative abundance in different crusts was more than 90%. The composition and successions of biological soil crust in the metal tailings ponds are similar to those in the desertified area, and Cyanobacteria have an irreplaceable role. Studies have shown that biological soil crust can be widely distributed in metal tailings ponds, and can enrich the soil nutrients in the tailings pond, which can be widely used for ecological restoration of metal tailings ponds.