酸敏感离子通道与神经退行性疾病关系的研究进展

Research progress in the relationship between acid-sensitive ion channels and neurodegenerative diseases

酸敏感离子通道(acid-sensing ion channels,ASICs)是质子门控Na^+选择性通道。ASICs广泛分布于外周和中枢神经系统中,ASICs对神经系统的结构和功能均发挥重要的调节作用,参与了疼痛、学习、恐惧、神经变性等一系列生理和病理过程。ASICs已经成为治疗镇痛、焦虑、缺血性脑卒中等的重要靶点。神经退行性疾病是一组慢性进行性的、以神经元退行变性和丢失为主要病理特征的疾病总称,如多发性硬化症(multiple sclerosis,MS)、帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)、亨廷顿氏舞蹈症病(Huntington’s disease,HD)等。伴随着人口老龄化的到来,神经退行性疾病严重地影响了老年人生活质量,但目前临床上尚无有效的治疗方法。大量研究发现ASICs参与了神经退行性疾病的发生、发展进程。

Acid-sensing ion channels(ASICs)are proton-gated Na+selective channels.ASICs are widely distributed in the peripheral and central nervous systems.Under physiological and pathological conditions,ASICs play an important role in the structure and function of the nervous system,and participate in a series of physiological and pathological processes such as pain,learning,fear,and neurodegeneration.ASICs have become an important target for the treatment of analgesia,anxiety,and ischemic stroke.Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of chronic progressive diseases characterized by degeneration and loss of neurons,such as multiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s disease,Huntington’s disease,etc.With the aging of the population,neurodegenerative diseases have seriously affected the quality of life of the elderly,but there is no effective clinical treatment.A large number of studies have found that ASICs are involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases.