河北省农村空气源热泵用户调查研究

Investigation on Rural Air-source Heat Pump Users in Hebei Province

针对石家庄、保定农村地区煤改电(新增空气源热泵热水机组制备热水,利用农村用户原有室内散热器及管道实现供暖)试点用户(共412户),对煤改电后农村用户用热习惯、改造效果、用户满意度进行调研,对煤改电进行经济、环保性分析。对于用热习惯:由于空气源热泵可以由用户根据舒适要求、家中是否有人自行灵活启停,采用全天24 h供热的用户数量有所下降。不采用辅助供暖方式的用户大多数家庭经济条件比较富裕,在配置空气源热泵时有经济能力选择制热功率比较大的机组,应对严寒期的能力比较强。在采取辅助供暖的用户中,以采取散煤、薪柴的用户家庭条件最不理想。对于改造效果与满意程度:煤改电前室内温度为13~16℃,煤改电后室内温度达到17~20℃,室内舒适性得到明显提升。供暖期有11户对空气源热泵进行了报修,仅占总用户的2.67%。对供暖效果表示非常满意的用户占71.1%,表示比较满意的用户占22.1%。对供暖效果不满意的主要原因为对供暖效果与供暖电费之间难以达到平衡。对于经济、环保性:不仅空气源热泵购置费用有利于农村用户接受,而且在有效提高供暖效果的基础上供暖费有了大幅度降低。煤改电的减排效果非常明显,若考虑电厂集中高效的烟气处理后,减排效果更加显著。

For the pilot users( total of 412 households) of coal-to-electricity conversion in Shijiazhuang and Baoding rural areas( newly added airsource heat pump hot water units to prepare hot water,using original indoor radiators and pipes of rural users to realize heating),the thermal habits,modification effects,and user satisfaction of rural users after the coal-to-electricity conversion were investigated,and the economic and environmental protection analysis of coalto-electricity conversion was carried out. For the thermal habits: because the air source heat pump can be started and stopped flexibly by the user according to the comfort requirements,whether there is anyone in the home,the number of users using 24 h a day heating is declined. Most of the users who do not use auxiliary heating methods are relatively rich in economic conditions. When configuring air-source heat pumps,they have the economic ability to choose units with relatively high heating power,and their ability to cope with severe cold periods is relatively strong. Among the users who use auxiliary heating,the household conditions of users who use bulk coal and fuel wood are the least desirable. For the modification effect and satisfaction degree: the indoor temperature is 13 to 16 ℃ before the coal-to-electricity conversion,and the indoor temperature reaches 17 to 20 ℃ after the coal-to-electricity conversion,the indoor comfort is significantly improved. During the heating period,11 households reported air source heat pumps for repair,accounting for only 2. 67% of the total users. 71. 1% of users are very satisfied with the heating effect,and 22. 1% are satisfied with it. The main reason for unsatisfactory heating effect is that it is difficult to achieve balance between heating effect and heating electricity bill. For economy and environmental protection: not only the purchase cost of air-source heat pump is favorable to rural users,but also the heating cost is greatly reduced on the basis of effectively improving the heating effect.The emission reduction effect of coal-to-electricity conversion is very obvious,if considering the centralized and efficient flue gas treatment in power plant,the emission reduction effect is more remarkable.