考虑碳排放的化石能源和电解水制氢成本

Cost of Hydrogen Production from Fossil Energy and Electrolyzed Water Considering Carbon Emissions

考虑碳排放,对化石能源制氢工艺、电解水制氢工艺的制氢成本进行比较。化石能源制氢工艺包括煤制氢、天然气制氢、甲醇制氢,电解水制氢工艺包括采用火电的低谷电电解水制氢、可再生能源弃电电解水制氢。选取原料价格、设备投资、碳税税率作为敏感因素,对制氢成本进行敏感性分析。在未考虑碳税前,制氢成本由低到高依次为煤制氢、可再生能源弃电电解水制氢、天然气制氢、甲醇制氢、低谷电电解水制氢。在考虑碳税后,制氢成本由低到高依次为可再生能源弃电电解水制氢、天然气制氢、煤制氢、甲醇制氢、低谷电电解水制氢。对于煤制氢工艺,敏感因素的影响程度依次为煤价、碳税税率、设备投资,煤价和碳税税率对成本的影响程度基本接近。对于天然气制氢工艺,敏感因素的影响程度依次为天然气价格、设备投资、碳税税率,天然气价格的影响远大于其他两个敏感因素。对于甲醇制氢工艺,敏感因素的影响程度依次为甲醇价格、设备投资、碳税税率,甲醇价格的影响远大于其他两个敏感因素。在其他条件不变的情况下,低谷电电解水制氢工艺的制氢成本对碳税税率最为敏感,其次为煤制氢、甲醇制氢。碳税税率对天然气制氢工艺的制氢成本的影响非常小。由于可再生能源弃电电解水制氢没有碳排放,碳税税率对其制氢成本没有影响。

Considering the carbon emissions,the unit hydrogen production costs of hydrogen production process in fossil energy and electrolyzed water are compared. The fossil energy hydrogen production process includes coal hydrogen production,natural gas hydrogen production and methanol hydrogen production. The electrolyzed water hydrogen production process includes the low valley electricity electrolyzed water hydrogen production using thermal power and renewable energy abandoned electricity electrolyzed water hydrogen production. Sensitivity analysis of hydrogen production cost is carried out by selecting raw material prices,equipment investment,and carbon tax rates as sensitive factors. Before the consideration of carbon tax,the hydrogen production cost from low to high is followed by coal hydrogen production,renewable energy abandoned electricity electrolyzed water hydrogen production,natural gas hydrogen production,methanol hydrogen production and low valley electricity electrolyzed water hydrogen production. After the consideration of carbon tax,the hydrogen production cost from low to high is followed by renewable energy abandoned electricity electrolyzed water hydrogen production,natural gas hydrogen production,coal hydrogen production,methanol hydrogen production and low valley electricity electrolyzed water hydrogen production. For the coal hydrogen production process,the influence degree of sensitive factors is in order of coal price,carbon tax rate and equipment investment,and the influence degree of coal price and carbon tax rate on the cost is basically close.For the natural gas hydrogen production process,the influence degree of sensitive factors is in order of natural gas price,equipment investment and carbon tax rate,and the influence of natural gas price is much greater than the other two sensitive factors. For the methanol hydrogen production process,the influence degree of sensitive factors is in order of methanol price,equipment investment and carbon tax rate,and the influence of methanol price is much greater than the other two sensitive factors. Under the condition that other conditions remain unchanged,the hydrogen production cost of low valley electricity electrolyzed water hydrogen production process is the most sensitive to carbon tax rate,followed by coal hydrogen production and methanol hydrogen production. The carbon tax rate has a very small impact on the hydrogen production cost of natural gas hydrogen production process. Since there is no carbon emission from renewable energy abandoned electricity electrolyzed water hydrogen production,the carbon tax rate has no effect on its hydrogen production cost.