建设自由贸易港的国际经验与海南路径

International Experience in Building a Free Trade Port and Hainan’s Path

根据中央"12号文"的统一部署安排,海南将建设第一个中国特色自由贸易港。海南建设自由贸易港存在外贸结构单一、旅游业附加值低、外资利用率低、金融业创新与开放度低等难点与困境。但海南也拥有天然的离岛优势、良好的生态环境、经济特区的改革创新经验以及中央的政策扶持等建设自由贸易港的基础条件。海南必须学习国际自由贸易港在贸易监管、营商环境、口岸通关、金融开放、财税政策等方面的成功经验。既要对标国际最高标准,又要注重异化功能定位,夯实发展基础与超越政策优惠,补齐金融短板,鼓励金融开放与创新,实行差异化的财税政策,同时处理好中央与地方在事权职能上的划分,构建中央与地方协同推进的综合管理机构。

According to the unified deployment arrangement of the "Document No. 12" of the Central Committee, Hainan will build the first free trade port with Chinese characteristics.There are some difficulties and dilemmas in the construction of Hainan free trade port, such as single foreign trade structure, low added value of tourism industry, low utilization rate of foreign capital, low opening and innovation of financial industry.However, Hainan also possesses the natural island advantages, a good ecological environment, reform and innovation experience in special economic zones, the central government’s policy support and other basic conditions for building a free trade port.Hainan needs to learn the successful experience of international free trade ports in trade supervision, business environment, port clearance, financial opening, and fiscal and taxation policies. Hainan should not only keep up with the highest international standards, but also pay attention to differentiated competition, consolidate the foundation of development and exceed policy preferences, pay equal attention to financial opening and financial innovation, implement differentiated fiscal and tax policies, handle the division of central and local functions, and build a comprehensive management agency promoted by the central and local governments.