不同类型苍术主要遗传性状的比较研究

Constrastive Study on Main Genetic Characters of Different Types of Atractylodes lancea

目的:比较不同叶片类型苍术的形态学性状、产量、抗病性及品质,筛选优良的变异类型,为苍术优良品种选育提供理论依据。方法:在对苍术多年系统观察的基础上,根据叶型将苍术划分为长椭圆形、卵圆形、披针形、倒卵形等6个不同类型,比较研究6个类型的主要农艺性状、产量、抗病性及品质。结果:苍术在形态上具有丰富的多样性,这为苍术的良种选育奠定了基础。叶片宽度叶形指数、叶面积等性状差异明显,是长期演化形成的性状分化,可作为苍术优良类型筛选的重要依据。长椭圆形、卵圆形和披针形苍术产量显著优于其他类型;抗病性结果表明,不同类型苍术对根腐病、白绢病等5种病害的抗病性差异显著,长椭圆形、倒卵形和宽线形为较抗病品种,卵圆形和长披针形为感病品种;4种苍术类型的苍术素含量均达到2015年版《中国药典》标准,以长椭圆形类型的苍术素含量最高,达0.4049%,与其他类型达到显著差异(P<0.05)。综合形态学性状、产量、抗病性及品质,长椭圆形是值得深入研究利用的苍术优良种质资源。结论:苍术各变异类型在形态学性状、产量、抗病性及品质方面均差异显著,可以通过甄选优良变异类型来培育优质高产的苍术栽培品种。

Objective:By comparing the morphological characters,the yield,the disease resistance and the quality of different types of Atractylodes lancea(Thunb.)DC.,and to screen for the excellent variation types to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of A.lancea.Methods:Based on the systematic observation of A.lancea for many years,according to the leaf type,the A.lancea were divided into 6 different types,such as long ellipse,oval,lanceolate and obovate.The main agronomic characters,the yield,the disease resistance and the quality of 6 types were compared.Results:A.lancea has abundant multiformity.The multiformity was useful for the seed breeding.There were significant differences among the types of A.lancea divided by leaf width,leaf index and leaf area traits,which was a long-term evolution of trait differentiation,that can be used as an important basis for the screening of elite types of A.lancea.The yields of long oval and oval leaf and lanceolate leaf atractylodes were significantly better than the other types;The disease resistance results showed that different types of A.lancea had significant differences in the disease resistance to five diseases including the root rot and the southern blight and so on.The long oval,obovate and wide line were more resistant varieties,and the oval and long lanceolates were susceptible varieties.The atractylodesin in the four types of A.lancea were up to the 2015 Chinese Pharmacopoeia standard.The elliptic type of atractylodesin was the highest,reaching 0.4049%,which was significantly different from other types(P<0.05).Comprehensive morphological characters,yield,disease resistance and quality,long oval shape is worthy of intensive research and utilization of A.lancea fine germplasm.Conclusion:The variation types of A.lancea were significantly different in morphological characters,yield,disease resistance and quality.It was possible to cultivate high quality and high yield A.lancea cultivars by selecting excellent variation types.