京津冀地区气温对潜在蒸散量的影响分析

Analysis on the Impacts of Temperature of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region on Potential Evaporation

为深入分析京津冀地区气温对潜在蒸散量的影响,收集了1960—2016年京津冀地区23个气象站点的日平均气温、日照时数、相对湿度与风速等气象要素数据,利用Penman-Monteith公式计算京津冀地区的日潜在蒸散量ET0,计算ET0与气温的相关系数,分析ET0与气温相关性的空间分布特征。研究结论如下:①京津冀地区年ET0与平均气温之间整体呈负相关,相关系数为-0.355,存在蒸发悖论现象。其中,春、夏、秋三季ET0与平均气温呈负相关,冬季呈正相关。②中西部和中部个别地区年ET0与平均气温呈不显著正相关,共5个站点年ET0与平均气温相关系数是正值,18个站点是负值。③春季ET0与平均气温相关系数绝对值由东北向西南逐渐递增。夏季ET0与平均气温相关系数蔚县、密云和青龙站等为正值,乐亭、张北和天津站为负值。秋季ET0与平均气温相关系数丰宁、秦皇岛和蔚县等站呈正相关,而塘沽站呈明显负相关。冬季ET0与平均气温相关系数张北、饶阳、秦皇岛和蔚县等站呈正相关,而塘沽、霸州站呈明显负相关。④ET0与平均气温相关性1960—1979年在中东部地区呈负相关但不显著,1980—1999年呈东北向西南递减的趋势,2000—2016年呈西北向东南递减的趋势。

In order to probe deeply into the impacts of temperature of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region on potential evapora⁃tion,this article collects such meterorological data from 1960 to 2016 as daily average temperature,sunshine duration,rela⁃tive humidity and wind velocity of 23 weather stations in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,and calculates the daily potential evaporation(ET0)and relative coefficient between ET0 and temperature,and analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of the relevance between ET0 and temperature in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region by applying Penman-Monteith formula.The results are as follows:①the correlation between ET0 and average temperature in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is negative with the correlation coefficient is-0.355 and evaporation paradox exists.②the correlation between ET0 and average temper ature is not significantly positive in midwest and individual regions in the middle region.The correlation coefficients of 5 stations tends to be positive and 18 stations to be negative.③The absolute correlation coefficient between ET0 and average temperature in Spring gradually increases from northeast to southwest.In Summer,the correlation coefficients between ET0 and average temperature of stations in Yuxian,Miyun and Qinglong are positive while stations in Laoting,Zhangbei and Tianjin are negative.In Autumn,the correlation coefficients between ET0 and average temperature of stations in Fengning,Qinhuangdao and Yuxian are positve while station in Tangu is significantly positve.In Winter,the correlation coefficients between ET0 and average temperature of stations in Zhangbei,Raoyang,Qinhuangdao and Yuxian are positive while stations in Tanggu and Bazhou are negative.④The correlation between ET0 and average temperature from 1960 to 1979 is not signi ficantly negative in east-central region.From 1980 to 1999,it shows a decreasing tendency from northeast to southwest.From 2000 to 2016,it shows a decreasing tendency from northwest to southeast.