杜仲胶的提取方法研究进展

Progress in Extraction Methods of Eucommia Ulmoides Gum

杜仲胶以固态存在于杜仲树的叶、皮和果实的含胶细胞中。纤维素、半纤维素与木质素紧密结合、相互缠绕构成粗纤维,构成植物细胞壁的主要成分;果胶质存在于细胞间,是细胞内部的支撑物质;杜仲叶表面角质层由角质和蜡质两类化合物组成。这些成分都是不溶性的有机大分子,且溶剂对它们的膨胀作用也很有限,水解或降解这些化合物,从而将杜仲胶从植物组织中分离出来,成为杜仲胶提取技术中首要解决的问题。文中基于对细胞壁、角质层和胞间质的破坏方法,将杜仲胶提取方法分为4种并分别进行了综述。

Eucommia ulmoides gum is present in solid state in the gum-containing cells of the leaves,skins and fruits of Eucommia ulmoides.Cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin are tightly bound and intertwined to form crude fibers,which constitute main components of plant cell wall;pectin is present between cells and is a supporting substance inside cell;the surface of the Eucommia ulmoides leaves is made of keratin and wax.These components are organic macromolecules and insoluble in organic solvents,moreover,they swelling little in organic solvents.In order to separate Eucommia ulmoides gum from the above mentioned plant tissue,thereby,hydrolysis or degradation of these compounds becomes the key problem in the extraction technology of Eucommia ulmoides gum.Based on the destruction methods of cell wall,stratum corneum and interstitial,the extraction method of Eucommia ulmoides gum was divided into four types and each was summarized in detail.