中华龙舞的仪式功能与意象渊源

The Ritual Function and Image Origin of Chinese Dragon Dance

文章由"国家级非物质文化遗产名录"中的"龙舞"切入,通过对其形态特征的把握阐释其仪式功能。在对"龙舞"之"求雨"这一基本功能的考索中,揭示从"旱暵则舞雩"到"龙见而雩"的内在关联;揭示"春分而登天,秋分而潜渊"之"龙"与"雷电"视听形象的关联。在对电、雷、雨、云的进一步考释中,指出黄帝纪功乐舞《云门》是对《云冂》的误读,并指出《云冂大卷》可能是最早的"龙舞"。同时,在对《吕氏春秋》"洁土为龙"和"积薪而燔之"的研判中,揭示龙舞的意象渊源及其舞蹈的原始发生。

This paper takes"dragon dance"from the"National Intangible Cultural Heritage List"to understand its ritual function by grasping the morphological features. By examining the basic function of"praying for rain"in"dragon dance",the paper reveals the internal connection from "drought and pray for rain"to "dragon appears and it rains"and reveals the correlation of audio-visual imagery of"touch the sky in spring equinox"and "dive in the sea in autumn equinox". In the further interpretation of electricity,thunder,rain and cloud,it points out that Yunmen,the music and dance eulogizing the Yellow Emperor’s feats,is a misreading of Yunhe,also puts forward that"Yunhe big roll"may be the earliest"dragon dance". Meanwhile,in the judgment of "clean land for dragon"and "gather wood and burn"in Lü’s Commentaries of History,it reveals the image origin and the primitive occurrence of dragon dance.