不同速度条件下跑步动作的性别差异

Gender Differences in Movement Patterns During Running with Different Speeds

目的:探讨不同速度条件下跑步动作的性别差异。方法:随机募集76名(男42名,女34名)长期跑步锻炼的大学生,年龄19~24岁,在跑步机上进行10 km/h和15 km/h跑步测试。采用1台MC高速摄像机(500 Hz)在左侧垂直拍摄跑步动作,利用Peak Motus 9.0运动解析软件提取左侧髋、膝、踝关节和鞋底角度,通过观察跑步视频确定着地方式。对相关指标进行重复性多因素方差分析,对比各指标的性别(组间)、着地方式(组间)和跑步速度(组内)等因素的差异。结果:采用后足着地方式的女性多于男性(76%vs.64%);女性步态周期时间低于男性(10 km/h:0.70±0.04 s vs.0.71±0.03 s;15 km/h:0.64±0.04 s vs.0.67±0.04 s)(P<0.05);足部着地瞬时各指标无性别差异;足部离地瞬时女性髋关节向后伸展比男性更大(10 km/h:-18.01°±3.55°vs.-14.37°±4.16°;15 km/h:-21.47°±3.21°vs.-18.85°±3.01°)(P<0.01),膝关节屈曲角度更小(10 km/h:19.54°±5.03°vs.22.76°±5.10°;15 km/h:20.83°±5.43°vs.23.46°±5.59°)(P<0.05);支撑阶段女性受试者的踝关节最大蹬伸(背屈)角速度显著大于男性(10 km/h:466.63°/s±51.41°/s vs.409.74°/s±50.63°/s;15 km/h:614.37°/s±44.99°/s vs.564.23°/s±51.77°/s)(P<0.01);跑步速度变化会导致除足部触地瞬时踝关节角度外其他所有角度和角速度的改变(P<0.05);在以15 km/h速度跑步时,女性步幅显著低于男性(2.69±0.17 m vs.2.78±0.15 m)(P<0.01),但10 km/h时无显著差异(P>0.05);性别因素与着地方式或者跑步速度间无其他交互作用(P>0.05)。结论:跑步动作存在性别差异,主要表现在着地方式、步频和步幅,足部离地瞬时髋和膝关节角度以及踝关节角速度等指标的差异。这提示,跑步动作的性别差异可能是产生损伤率差异的原因之一。

Objective To explore the gender difference in running movement patterns.Methods Sev⁃enty-six(42 males,34 females)college students,who take running exercise regularly,were randomly recruited and participated in a running experiment on treadmill at 10 km/h and 15 km/h.An MC highspeed video camera(500 Hz)was employed to capture the running movements in the sagittal plane.The software of Peak Motus 9.0 was used to extract angles of the left hip,knee,ankle and shoe sole,and foot strike patterns were caught by watching the running videos.Repeated measurements anal⁃ysis of variance(ANOVA)tests were performed to detect differences in the strike pattern and running speed between different genders(P<0.05).Results The average percentage of rear foot strike running fe⁃males was significantly higher than that of males(76%vs 64%),while the gait cycle period of the for⁃mer was significantly shorter than the latter(10 km/h:0.70±0.04 s vs.0.71±0.03 s;15 km/h:0.64±0.04 s vs 0.67±0.04 s)(P<0.05).There were no significant differences between females and males in the variable of the foot touchdown.Compared with males,the average hip posterior extension of fe⁃males was significantly greater(10 km/h:-18.01°±3.55°vs.-14.37°±4.16°;15 km/h:-21.47°±3.21°vs-18.85°±3.01°)(P<0.01),but the average knee flexion was significantly smaller(10 km/h:19.54°±5.03°vs.22.76°±5.10°;15 km/h:20.83°±5.43°vs 23.46°±5.59°)(P<0.05)at the foot takeoff.During stance,the maximum ankle pushing-off dorsiflexion angular velocity of females was sig⁃nificantly greater than that of males(10 km/h:466.63°/s±51.41°/s vs.409.74°/s±50.63°/s;15 km/h:614.37°/s±44.99°/s vs 564.23°/s±51.77°/s)(P<0.01).All those measured angles and angular veloci⁃ties,except the ankle angle at foot touchdown,changed with the increment of the running speed.At the running speed of 15 km/h,the average stride length of females was significantly less than that of males(2.69±0.17 m vs 2.78±0.15 m)(P<0.01),but without significant differences at 10 km/h(P>0.05).There was no other interaction effect between the sex factor and foot strike pattern or running speed(P>0.05).Conclusion The differences in running movement patterns between females and males mainly lie in the foot strike pattern,gait rate and stride length,angles of hip and knee at foot take⁃off,and maximum angular velocity of ankle within stance phases.It is suggested that such differences may be one of the causes of different injury rate between the two sexes.