舆论传播视阙下南宋地方宗教人士声誉建构及其影响

Reputation Construction and Its Influence on Local Religious Personages in Southern Song Dynasty from the Perspective of Public Opinion Dissemination

南宋是中国古代时期信仰较为自由的阶段之一,宋廷对于宗教管制相对宽松,民众可以根据自身需求自由选择神祇,信仰日趋多样化。这造成南宋“宗教市场”竞争趋于激烈,呈现出以“需求市场”为主导的重要特征。为更好地应对市场竞争与需求,宗教人士在建构声誉方面做出努力,对内不断提高专业水平,以获取更为灵验的舆论评价,同时寻求外部支持,动用各种资源,在地方事务的开展中积极与地方官、富民、士人阶层等地方势力开展合作,以求赢得他们好评,获取其支持与响应。伴随着声誉的构建,宗教人士逐步成为地方官与民众信任的对象,拥有干涉地方事务的话语权,并对当地民众的行为具有导向作用。

The Southern Song Dynasty was one of the periods in which belief was relatively free in ancient China.The Song Dynasty had relatively loose religious control,and people could freely choose gods according to their own needs which resulted in diversified beliefs.This also caused the“religious market”in Southern Song Dynasty to become increasingly competitive,showing an important feature dominated by the“demand market”.In handling the market competition and demand,religious people gave efforts in building reputation,constantly improved their professional competence internally in order to get more public evaluations of being efficacious.Meanwhile,they attempted to seek external support by using various resources,active participation in local affairs and cooperation with the local power including local officials,wealthy people and scholars in order to win their reception,support and responses.With the establishment of reputation,religious personages gradually become the objects of trust of local officials and the public,having the authority to interfere in local affairs,and guide the behavior of local residents.