刑事缺席审判:制度设计与理论问题

Criminal Default Trial:System Design and Theoretical Issues

刑事缺席审判的制度价值在于通过纠纷的及时解决来恢复被破坏的法秩序。长期以来,由于我国法律缺少缺席审判的制度设置,使得一些实践问题难以处理。2018年修正的刑事诉讼法初步构建了三类缺席审判制度,这对实践问题的解决与诉讼制度的完善有着重要意义。刑事缺席审判制度的构建,在理论上尚存程序启动与制度合法性两方面的疑难,应通过理清“在案”概念、明确审判对公诉案件的全面受理,锚定被告“出庭”价值、研讨出庭权限制的正当性,以实现缺席审判制度的合法性证成。因最高人民法院的相关司法解释尚未出台,缺席审判程序应如何具体适用,仍存在一些法律问题,如启动条件、审理程序、适用范围等,皆有待进一步予以明确。

The legal value of the criminal default trial is to restore the destroyed law order by resolving disputes promptly.For a long time,the lack of a system of criminal default trial has made it difficult to solve some practical problems.The recent amendment to the People's Republic of China Criminal Procedure Law has initially established three types of criminal default trial system,which has important implications for the resolution of practical problems and the improvement of procedural law systems.The establishment of criminal default trial system in theory still has difficulties in both the initiation of procedures and the legitimacy of the system.In order to justify the legitimacy of the criminal default trial system,it is necessary to sort out the concept of“in the case”for clarifying the court's overall acceptance of prosecution cases,analyze the value of defendant's“appearance”and discuss the validity of appearance right's limitation.