论艾特玛托夫《崩塌的山岳》中的系统性生态思想

A Study of the Systematic Ecological Thoughts of When The Mountains Fall Down by Chingiz Aitmatov

艾特玛托夫在晚期力作《崩塌的山岳》中表现了深重的生态忧患意识。作家不止停留在生态危机"是什么"的层面上,而是行进在"为什么"和"怎么办"的路途中。作品的深刻内涵在于用文学的形式表现系统的生态思想:既描绘了一幅"金钱上帝"统治下的城市众生相,从多个角度、多个层面揭示人类物化的悲剧,同时又尖锐地指出,不仅城市在市场暴力中沦落,乡村也成为"一种被用于流通的自然符号的消费"。生态文学中常见的二元对立结构被消解,生态斗士要面对的不只是部分人类中心主义者,还有整个社会价值体系。以"永恒的新娘"为代码的向上之途暗喻了作家的救世情怀,宽恕与非暴力的态度是解决生态与精神危机的路途之所在。

In his later masterpiece When The Mountains Fall Down,Aitmatov expressed his strong consciousness of the environmental crisis.Instead of stopping at the discussion of"what"ecological crisis is,the author marches forward to probe"why this crisis happened"and"how to deal with it".The work’s profound idea lies in its literary representation of the systematic ecological thoughts:it not only depicts a vivid picture of the city people under the control of"the god of money"and reveals from many perspectives the tragedy of mankind’s reification at many levels,but also points out sharply that the countryside has also descended to"a kind of consumption of natural symbols that are used for circulation".The binary opposition structure recurring in ecological literature has been deconstructed,and ecological warriors are to fight against not only those anthropocentrists but also the entire social values system.With"the eternal bride"being its code,the"way up"is a metaphor for the author’s aspiration of saving the world,and the attitude of tolerance and non-violence is the solution to mankind’s ecological and spiritual crises.