限制性贸易壁垒有助于促进产品出口目的地多样化吗--基于我国企业出口产品的目的地行为研究

Can Restrictive Trade Barriers Help to Diversify the Export Destinations--An Analysis on the Export Destination-diversification of Chinese Firms

2008年金融危机以来,兴起了新一轮针对中国的贸易壁垒。本文利用细分到HS6分位水平的全球贸易壁垒数据库、微观的企业出口数据以及中国工业企业数据库,集中研究了我国出口产品遭到的限制性贸易壁垒对该产品目的地多样化的影响,并且从风险分担的角度对企业的目的地多样化行为进行了新的解释。主要结论有:第一,为了克服单个市场存在的风险,当我国企业在面临限制性贸易壁垒时,会进行产品目的地的多样化;第二,企业遭受壁垒产品新进入的市场不仅包括未对该产品施加壁垒的市场,还包括已经对该产品施加壁垒的市场;第三,第一、三类壁垒会显著地促进企业产品的目的地多样化,但第二类壁垒则不会;第四,企业遭受壁垒产品的出口目的地多样化行为在"一带一路"国家尤其显著,表明遭受壁垒产品在出口目的地多样化中更青睐"一带一路"沿线国家。

Since the financial crisis in 2008,a new round of trade barriers against China has emerged. Using the matching data of annual surveys conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics( NBS),China Customs Database and the Global Trade Barrier Database from 2009 to 2013,this paper focused on the destination restrictive trade barriers( RTBs) impacts on the destination-diversification of Chinese firms. In this paper,we proposed a new perspective of risk-sharing,through which we analyzed the destination-diversification adopted by the Chinese firms with products being restricted. The main conclusions are: Firstly,the RTBs are likely to promote the diversification of export destinations to reduce the risks of exporting to a single market;Secondly,when a product is imposed RTBs in certain export destinations,the firms tend to enter new markets,which may include both destinations that have and have not implemented barriers on this product;Thirdly,the first and third types of the RTBs may significantly promote the export destination-diversification,but the second type of RTBs may not;Fourthly,the export destination-diversification adopted by Chinese firms is particularly significant in the Belt and Road countries( regions),which implies that the Belt and Road countries( regions) are more preferred when Chinese firms diversify their export destinations.