农村2型糖尿病患者疾病认知水平的影响因素分析

Influencing factors of diabetes-related knowledge among rural patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

目的探讨农村2型糖尿病患者疾病认知水平的影响因素。方法选择2017年6月-2018年12月农村2型糖尿病患者1 530例作为对象,采用医院自行设计的调查问卷调查患者对疾病的认知水平,根据调查结果分为认知良好组(n=1 120例)和认知一般/差组(n=410例)。查阅两组病例资料,记录患者性别、年龄、婚姻状态、受教育程度、性格取向、月收入、医疗费用、住院次数,并对上述影响因素进行单因素及多因素Logisitc分析;针对上述危险因素给予社区干预。结果农村2型糖尿病患者均完成认知水平调查,认知度排在前三位的分别为:饮食管理、血糖监测控制频率及口服降糖药物种类与作用,占:73.27%、72.35%及70.20%;单因素及多因素Logisitc结果表明:农村2型糖尿病患者对疾病知识水平与年龄、婚姻状态、受教育程度、住院次数具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论农村2型糖尿病患者疾病认知水平较低,受到的影响因素较多,应根据影响因素给予相应的护理干预,提高患者对该疾病的认知水平。

Objective To explore the influencing factors of diabetes-related knowledge among patients with type 2 diabetes in rural areas. Methods A total of 1530 rural patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus seeking medical consultation from June 2017 to December 2018 were enrolled in the survey with a self-designed questionnaire on the patients’ cognitive level of diabetes mellitus. On the basis of the survey results, the patients were classified into good cognition group(n=1120) and general/poor cognition group(n=410). Case data of the two groups were reviewed. Related information was recorded, including patients’ gender, age, marital status, education level, personality orientation, monthly income, medical expenses, and hospitalizations, and analyzed using univariate and multivariate Logistic regression. Community intervention was then carried out. Results All the rural patients with type 2 diabetes completed the cognitive level survey. The related knowledge ranking the top three included diet management, frequency of blood glucose monitoring and the type and role of oral hypoglycemic drugs, accounting for 73.27%, 72.35%, and 70.20%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis results showed that the patients’ cognition of diabetes was significantly influenced by age, marital status, education level, and number of hospitalizations(P<0.05). Conclusions The cognitive level of rural patients with type 2 diabetes is relatively poor, and there are many influencing factors. Thus the corresponding nursing intervention needs to be provided to improve the cognitive level of patients.