俄罗斯农业制度变革史论

Historical Review of the Agricultural Institutional Changes in Russia

不论是十月革命前的俄国、革命后建立的苏联,还是苏联解体后独立的俄罗斯,农业问题在其历史发展进程中,一直占有重要地位。沙俄是一个落后的农业国家。苏联并没有解决好农业问题,农业一直是个落后的部门。苏联解体后俄罗斯独立,直到近几年其农业发展才出现转机。农业的发展状况在很大程度上取决于农业制度。土地关系和农业组织形式是构成农业制度的重要内容。研究十月革命前的俄国、苏联与独立后的俄罗斯农业制度的变革,分析各个时期农业制度对社会与经济的影响,这对作为农业大国的中国来讲,无疑有重要的启示作用。

Agriculture has always been an important issue in the country whether it is pre-revolution Russia,post-revolution Soviet Union,or independent Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.The tsarist Russia was a backward agrarian country.The Soviet Union failed to solve the agricultural problem and agriculture had been a sector lagging behind.Not until recent years,did there occur favorable turns in agricultural development in Russia independent after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.Agricultural institutions largely determine agricultural development.Land relations and the forms of agricultural organization compose the major contents of agricultural institutions.Studies of the agricultural institutional changes in pre-October-Revolution Russia,the Soviet Union,and Russia after independence and analyses of the social economic effects of the agricultural institutions in various periods are doubtlessly of great inspirations for China as a major country in agriculture.