历代防治瘟疫单方文献研究

Literature Study on Single-drug Prescriptions in Past Dynasties for Prevention and Treatment of Pestilence

通过对历代防治温病方剂的研究,探寻以单方防治瘟疫的方法。首先以《历代温病方剂选录》为基础数据源,以“疫”“疠”“时气”“瘟疫”“时疫”“天行时邪”“毒”为关键词,检索出历代防治瘟疫的方剂共191首,并从中筛选出单方24首。然后将24首防治瘟疫的单方细分为治瘟方9首、避瘟方10首、防治结合方5首,详细阐述每首单方的出处及其所含药物的功效。最后总结发现,历代防治瘟疫单方所用药物药性均较平和,无大热、大寒之品,并归纳出可行性较强的防治瘟疫单方——治瘟可服用绿糖饮、生葛汁、冬瓜汤等;避瘟可食用淡豆豉、马齿苋,或外用艾叶烧熏;防治结合首选生姜、大蒜、醋等居家常用之品。

Through the study on prescriptions for warm disease,methods for preventing and treating pestilence by single-drug prescriptions were explored.First,with Extract of Prescriptions for Warm Disease in Past Dynasties(《历代温病方剂选录》)as the basic data source,“Yi(疫)”“Li(疠)”“Shiqi(时气)”“Wenyi(瘟疫)”“Shiyi(时疫)”“Tianxing Shixie(天行时邪)”“Du(毒)”as the key words,a total of 191 prescriptions for preventing and treating pestilence were found out and 24 single-drug prescriptions in them were selected to be studied in detail.Then the 24 single-drug prescriptions were categorized into 3 groups:9 for treatment,10 for prevention and 5 for prevention and treatment.The source of each single-drug prescription and the efficacy of the single drug were elaborated.Finally,it is concluded that the drugs used in the single-drug prescriptions for preventing and treating pestilence were mild in nature,and there were no drugs with extremely hot or extremely cold nature.Following single-drug prescriptions with strong feasibility are recommended for prevention and treatment of pestilence:Lyutang Yin(绿糖饮),Shengge Zhi(生葛汁)and Donggua Tang(冬瓜汤)for treatment,eating Dandouchi(Sojae Semen Praeparatum)and Machixian(Portulacae Herba),or fumigating the room by Aiye(Artemisiae Argyi Folium)for prevention,household supplies such as Shengjiang(Zingiberis Rhizoma Re-cens),Dasuan(Allii Sativi Bulbus)and Cu(vinegar)for both prevention and treatment.