功能性构音障碍者辅音异常的临床特征及训练效果

Clinical Features and Training Effects of Consonant Abnormalities in Functional Dysarthria

目的探讨功能性构音障碍者辅音异常的临床特征和训练效果。方法选择我院2016年1月至2019年1月收治的6~26岁功能性构音障碍患者180例作为研究对象,根据患者年龄分为学龄期、青春期和成年期3组,收集患者临床资料,分析其辅音异常的临床特征并进行构音训练,训练前后分别采用计算机语音工作站评估训练效果。结果学龄期儿童舌尖中音/l/音脱落(43.68%)、舌尖前音构音扭曲(41.38%)、舌根音/g、k/置换为/d、t/(39.08%)、舌尖后音构音扭曲(39.08%)较为常见;青春期患者FAD患者以舌尖后音构音扭曲(48.28%)、舌尖前音构音扭曲(43.10%)、舌面音构音扭曲(29.31%)较为常见;成年期患者以舌面音侧化构音(31.43%),舌尖前音置换为/d、t/(31.43%),舌尖后音构音扭曲(31.43%),舌面音构音扭曲(31.43%)较为常见。经过构音训练后,各年龄段患者语音清晰度值均明显升高,与训练前比较具有显著(P<0.05)。结论6~26岁功能性构音障碍患者辅音异常的临床特征主要以舌尖音异常为主,构音的错误形式以辅音扭曲、置换、脱落和侧化较为常见,不同发育阶段的患者经过科学合理的语音训练能够得到较好的矫正效果。

Objective To investigate the clinical features and training results of consonant abnormalities in functional dysarthria.Methods 180 patients with functional dysarthria from 6 to 26 years old who were admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to January 2019 were enrolled.The clinical data of patients were collected,and the clinical features of consonant abnormalities were analyzed.Training effects before and after training were evaluated using computer speech workstations.Results According to the patient’s age,there are 87 cases of 6-12 years old(school age),58 cases of 12-18 years old(puberty)and 35 cases of 18-26 years old(adult).The survey results show that the middle school children’s tongue tip alto acoustic shedding(43.68%),tongue tip vocal distortion(41.38%)tongue root/g/,/k/replacement for/d/,/t/(39.08%),tongue tip consonant distortion(39.08%)were more common.Adolescent patients with FAD patients,the distortion of the posterior tone of the tongue(48.28%),the distortion of the anterior tone of the tip of the tongue(43.10%),and the distortion of the lingual tone(29.31%)were more common,The adult FAD patients were laterally accented by the tongue,and the tip of the tongue with the replacement of/d/and/t/,replaced by/d/,/t/,the distortion of the posterior tone of the tongue,and the distortion of the tongue surface(31.43%)were more common.After the speech training,the speech ambiguity values of all ages were significantly increased,compared with that before training.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The clinical features of consonant abnormalities in patients with functional dysarthria from 6 to 26 years old are mainly characterized by abnormal tongue sounds.The wrong form of articulation is common with consonant distortion,replacement,shedding and lateralization.Patients in different developmental stages can get better correction effect with scientifically and reasonable voice training.