《民法典》编纂下的自然人制度完善--基于破产法的视角

The Perfection of Natural Person System under the Compilation of Civil Code--Based on the Perspective of Bankruptcy Law

中国民法典呼之欲出,将对其他部门法律产生重要影响。2020年我国《企业破产法》将启动修订工作。2019年7月,我国已经出台《加快完善市场主体退出制度改革方案》,首次允许符合条件的自然人债务豁免,个别人民法院通过债务集中清理程序解决个人破产问题。对于自然人破产而言,《民法典》和已经出台的《民法总则》中均未涉及。自然人破产制度的核心制度,自由财产制度、责任免除制度等,均有必要在《民法典》中作出回应,否则将削弱《民法典》的系统性、逻辑性,并且增加后期的修法成本。

The Chinese Civil Code is about to be published, and its promulgation will have a significant impact on the laws of other departments. In 2020, China’s Enterprise Bankruptcy Law will be revised. In July 2019, China has issued the Accelerating Improvement Plan for the Exit of the Market Entity Reform Plan, in which, eligible natural person debt forgiveness allowed for thefirst time, and individual People’s Courts solve personal bankruptcy issues through debt concentration procedures. Neither the Civil Code nor the General Principles of Civil Law cover the natural person bankruptcy content. The core system of the natural person bankruptcy system, the free property system, and the exemption of liability system, all need to respond in the Civil Code, otherwise the systemic and logical nature of the Civil Code will be weakened, and the cost of subsequent amendments will increase.